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Vygotsky's Cognitive development

The document discusses Lev Vygotsky's theories on cognitive development, emphasizing the active role of children as knowledge seekers and the interaction between children and their environment. Key concepts include self-regulation, the zone of proximal development, and scaffolding, which highlight the importance of guidance from teachers and peers in the learning process. Vygotsky also posits that language is crucial for the development of thought and consciousness.

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Presented by: Jenina Pauline Cardenas Mark Francis Astom BSEd- II
Lev Vygotsky 
Vygotsky believes that…  the child is viewed as an active seeker of knowledge; the child and environment interact together enabling cognitive development in a culturally adaptive way;
Vygotsky believes that…  the mind is perceived to be socially constructed; the child is born with basic attentional, perceptual and memory capacities;
Vygotsky believes that…  development occurs as a direct result of contact with the environment; language and thought develop independently, but eventually merge and interact.
Vygotsky believes that…  children must speak to themselves in a self guiding and directing way- initially aloud and later internally
1. Self-Regulation  Development involves the internalization of signs acquired by an individual from others so that he can solve problems by himself
2. Zone of Proximal Development  refers to the tasks a child is unable to complete alone, but is able to complete with the assistance of an adult.
 The teacher gives a learning experience for a specific child at a level just beyond his/her current level of performance.

3. Scaffolding  In order for a child to learn new concepts or skills the teacher must provide scaffolds for the learning experience.
 Like scaffolding on a building, supports are withdrawn as individual competence develops. Scaffolding may include physical presence and prompts along with more specific metacognitive strategies.
Educational Implications  Child as an active participant in the learning process. Importance of individual difference. Assist children in discovery. Teachers should guide learning through explanation, demonstration and verbal prompts.
  Tailor lessons to each child's zone of proximal development.  Early childhood – promote teacher/child and child/child interactions.  Promote fantasy play.  Within the learning environment focus on literacy activities.  Use prompts, reminders, increase independence, give information, use cooperative learning and reciprocal teaching strategies.
Vygotsky also believed that…  Language is the most important tool for gaining this social knowledge Children can learn a lot via language
“Words play a central part not only in the development of thought but in the historical growth of consciousness as a whole.” “The speech structures
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