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Slide06 Networked Computing

This document discusses network computing and client/server systems. It covers the following key points: - Network computing involves connecting stand-alone computers via a switch, LAN, or internet and dividing an application into parts that can be processed on different nodes. - Client/server systems use sockets to establish connections between clients and servers over a TCP port. Once connected, clients and servers can send and receive data via input/output streams. - Remote procedure calls allow procedures located on one computer to be called from another computer over a network, with parameters and results passed between the computers.

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Distributed Computing•
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Network Computing
Network Computing • The nodes are stand-alone computers that could be connected via a switch, LAN, or the Internet. • The main idea is to divide the application into semi-independent parts according to the kind of processing needed. • Different nodes on the network can be assigned different parts of the application.
Client/Server Systems 162 NETWORK COMPUTING Server Threads Interconnection Network Figure 7.2 A multithreaded server in a client server system. 7.2.1 Sockets
port number, we should create an instance of a server socket. A server socket listens on a TCP port for a connection from a client (passive socket). When a client con- nects to that port, the server accepts the connection. Figure 7.3 visualizes the Sockets socket connection. Once the connection is established, the client and server can read from and write to the socket using input and output streams. Streams are ordered sequences of data that have a source (input stream), or destination (output stream). Once the client or server finishes using the socket, the socket structure is de-allocated. Client Server Figure 7.3 A socket connection.
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) • RPC can be thought as a procedure call where the procedure is located on a different computer than the caller. • When the procedure is called, its parameters are passed via the network to the remote computer, and then the remote computer executes the procedure, returns the result(s), and continues on its way. • It can be constructed on top of sockets.
Middleware 7.2 CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS 165 7.2.3 Middleware Middleware is an important part of client/server systems because it solves many interoperability problems, opens the door for multiple servers, and in general pro- vides great flexibility. Middleware is an important intermediate layer of software, for the following reasons: . It makes it possible for new systems to coexist with legacy systems, which means we can use it to glue together new clients with old mainframe databases; . It solves a number of interoperability problems because it can simultaneously convert formats and gain access without code rewriting; . It isolates system components so that changes in one component have little effect on other components; and . It lowers effort and time to develop and deploy systems because programmers do not need to know network and distributed programming details. 7.2.4 A Client Server Framework for Parallel Applications
. Single entry point: A user can connect to the cluster instead of to a particular node. . Single file system: A user sees a single hierarchy of directories and files. . Single image for administration: The whole cluster is administered from a Clusters single window. . Coordinated resource management: A job can transparently compete for the resources in the entire cluster. In addition to providing high-performance computing, clusters can also be used to provide high-availability environment. High availability can be achieved when Programming Environment and Tools Middleware OS OS OS M M M I/O I/O I/O C C C P P P Interconnection Network Figure 7.5 A cluster made of homogenous single-processor computers.
Grid Computing