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Robot Timeline

The document provides a timeline of important developments in robotics from 270 BC to 1979 AD. Some key events and inventions mentioned include Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein in 1818, the introduction of the term "robot" in a 1921 play, Isaac Asimov coining the term "robotics" and establishing the Three Laws of Robotics in the 1940s, the first industrial robot being introduced in a GM factory in 1961, and the Stanford Cart navigating autonomously across an obstacle-filled room in 1979. The timeline traces the evolution of robots from ancient mechanical devices to modern computer-controlled machines capable of complex tasks.

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Learn About Robots Nita Arora KHMS
Robot Timeline ~270BC an ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made organs and water clocks with movable figures. 1818 - Mary Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" which was about a frightening artificial lifeform created by Dr. Frankenstein. 1921 - The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek. The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man!                                                                                        
1941 - Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry. 1942 - Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics": A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.                                                                                        
A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. 1948 - "Cybernetics", an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener 1956 - George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company. 1959 - Computer-assisted manufacturing was demonstrated at the Servomechanisms Lab at MIT . 1961 - The first industrial robot was online in a General Motors automobile factory in New Jersey. It was called UNIMATE.                                                                                        
1963 - The first artificial robotic arm to be controlled by a computer was designed. The Rancho Arm was designed as a tool for the handicapped and it's six joints gave it the flexibility of a human arm. 1965 - DENDRAL was the first expert system or program designed to execute the accumulated knowledge of subject experts. 1968 - The octopus-like Tentacle Arm was developed by Marvin Minsky. 1969 - The Stanford Arm was the first electrically powered, computer-controlled robot arm.                                                                                        
1970 - Shakey was introduced as the first mobile robot controlled by artificial intelligence. It was produced by SRI International. 1974 - A robotic arm (the Silver Arm) that performed small-parts assembly using feedback from touch and pressure sensors was designed. 1979 - The Standford Cart crossed a chair-filled room without human assistance. The cart had a tv camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer. The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles. Information provided by NASA/Rover Ranch