Quick Intro to Android Development

Quick Intro to Android Development

• 1.
  Quick  Intro  to Android  Development Jussi Pohjolainen
• 2.
  Android  Studio • Android Studio  replaces  Eclipse  as  Google’s   primary  IDE for  native  Android  Development • Features – WYSIWYG  Editor – Template  wizards – Support  for  Android  Wear – Lint  tools – Etc
• 6.
  Template public class MainScreenextends ActionBarActivity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); } @Override public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main_screen, menu); return true; } } Creates   layout  from   xml-­‐file
• 7.
  Modification import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; importandroid.widget.TextView; public class Main extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); TextView tv = new TextView(this); tv.setText("Hello, Android"); setContentView(tv); } }
• 8.
  Running
• 9.
  Running
• 10.
  UI:  By  Coding or  XML • You  can  code  your  UI  or   you  can  use  XML  – files • Using  XML  – files  is  the   preferred way • File   res/layout/foo.xml contains  the  basic   template  for  your  UI
• 11.
  Using  the  XML file package fi.tamk; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; public class Main extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } } Name  of   your  xml-­‐ file(main.xm l) R  – class.   Generated  for   you Inner  class
• 12.
  XML  and  R -­‐ class • XML  file  will  be  compiled  to  a  Java  object • Reference  to  that  object  is  made  through  R  – class • R  – class  is  generated  automatically  by  the   Eclipse  plugin • R  – class:  gen/some.package/R.java
• 13.
  R  -­‐ class packagefi.tamk; public final class R { public static final class attr { } public static final class drawable { public static final int icon=0x7f020000; } public static final class layout { public static final int main=0x7f030000; } public static final class string { public static final int app_name=0x7f040001; public static final int hello=0x7f040000; } } • R  – class  is  an  index  to   all  your  resources • Short  way  of   referencing  to  resources • Never  edit  this  file  by   hand!
• 14.
  XML  -­‐ file <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:text="@string/hello_world" tools:context=".MainActivity" /> </RelativeLayout>
• 15.
  XML  – file, without  Name  Spacing <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TextView layout_width="fill_parent" layout_height="wrap_content" text="@string/hello_world"/> Reference  to   res/values/strings.xml
• 16.
  res/values/strings.xml <resources> <string name="app_name">MyHelloWorld</string> <string name="hello_world">Doesthis work?</string> <string name="menu_settings">Settings</string> <string name="title_activity_main_screen">MainScreen</string> </resources>
• 17.
  Result
• 18.
  Two  Widgets  and Event  Handling public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private Button clickMe; private TextView textView; private LinearLayout layout; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); clickMe = new Button(this); clickMe.setText("Click Me!"); clickMe.setOnClickListener(this); textView = new TextView(this); textView.setText("Some Text"); layout = new LinearLayout(this); layout.addView(clickMe); layout.addView(textView); setContentView(layout); } public void onClick(View v) { textView.setText("Clicked!"); } }
• 19.
  Two  Widgest and Event  Handling  via  XML <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" > <TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:layout_centerVertical="true" android:text="@string/hello_world" tools:context=".MainScreen" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@+id/textView1" android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" android:text="Change text" /> </RelativeLayout>
• 21.
  R  – class updates  automatically public final class R { public static final class attr { } public static final class drawable { public static final int ic_action_search=0x7f020000; public static final int ic_launcher=0x7f020001; } public static final class id { public static final int button1=0x7f070001; public static final int menu_settings=0x7f070002; public static final int textView1=0x7f070000; } public static final class layout { public static final int activity_main_screen=0x7f030000; } public static final class menu { public static final int activity_main_screen=0x7f060000; } public static final class string { public static final int app_name=0x7f040000; public static final int hello_world=0x7f040001; public static final int menu_settings=0x7f040002; public static final int title_activity_main_screen=0x7f040003; } public static final class style { public static final int AppTheme=0x7f050000; } }
• 22.
  ..  And  the Code public class Main extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private Button clickMe; private TextView textView; public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); clickMe = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); textView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1); clickMe.setOnClickListener(this); } public void onClick(View v) { textView.setText("Clicked!"); } }
• 23.
  About  Delegation  Event Model • Separation  between  application  and  UI  code • Example:   – somebutton.setOnClickListener(OnClickListener); • Source:  somebutton • Listener:  some  object  that  implements   OnClickListener • There  is  a  easier  way  to  do  basic  event   handling..
• 24.
  Listeners  in  XML <?xmlversion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <Button android:text="Click 1" android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="click" /> <Button android:text="Click 2" android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:onClick="click" /> </LinearLayout>
• 25.
  And  the  Java Code public class EventHandlingDemo extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } public void click(View source) { switch ( source.getId() ) { case R.id.button1: // do something break; case R.id.button2: // do something break; } } }
• 26.
  LOGCAT
• 27.
  logcat • Collecting  and viewing  system  debug  output • Command  line  app – adb logcat • Can  be  opened  also  in  Eclipse – Window > Show View > Other… > Logcat
• 28.
  Android  Studio  and Logcat
• 29.
  Reading  and  Writing Logs • Log is  a  logging  class  for  printing stuff  to  logcat – Common  methods:   • v(String, String) - verbose • d(String, String) - debug • i(String, String) - info • w(String, String) - warning • e(String, String) – error – Example • Log.d(“MainScreen”, “Just printing stuff”); • logging
• 30.
  Logcat outputs  everything
• 31.
  Filtering  Output • Log message  contains – Tag – short  String,  example  "MainScreen" – Priority– following  chars  from  lowest  to  highest   priority:   • v(erbose) – lowest priority • d(ebug) • i(nfo) • w(arning) • e(rror) • f(atal) • s(ilent) – highest priority, nothing is printed
• 32.
  Filtering  Output • Example output – D/MainScreen( 903): User clicked some view object: android.widget.Button@411fe148 • Priority  level  is  D  and  tag  is  MainScreen
• 33.
  Restricting  output • To restrict  output,  use  filter  expressions • Format – tag : priority – priority  is  the  minimum  level  of  priority  to  report • Example – adb logcat – tag1:priority1 // show this and.. – tag2:priority2 // this.. – *:S // Set all other tags silent
• 34.
  Real  World  Usage •Example – $ adb logcat MainScreen:D *:S – D/MainScreen( 903): User clicked some view object: android.widget.Button@411fe148 • Display  output  from  MainScreen tag  with   priority  debug  or  above  and  restrict   everything  else
• 35.
  From  Eclipse
• 36.
  Good  Practice • Published app  should  not  contain  logging  code • BuildConfig.DEBUG flag  is  here  to  help! • Flag  is  set  automatically  to  false,  when   exporting  your  app • How? – if(BuildConfig.DEBUG) { Log.e(…); }
• 37.
  Create  a  Debug Class! package fi.tamk.tiko.pohjolainen.utilities; class Debug { public static void print(String tagName, String msg) { if(BuildConfig.DEBUG) { Log.d(tagName, msg); } } } // And in code Debug.print("MainScreen", "Something");