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introduction to javascript

This document provides an introduction to JavaScript programming through a tutorial. Section A discusses programming, HTML, and JavaScript. It covers the history and purpose of the World Wide Web, how HTML is used to design web pages, and JavaScript's role in making web pages interactive. It also explains how to create basic HTML documents and introduces JavaScript syntax and logic.

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Tutorial 1 Introduction to JavaScript Section A – Programming, HTML, and JavaScript JavaScript Tutorial 1 - Introduction to JavaScript 1
Tutorial 1A Topics  Section A – Programming, HTML, and JavaScript • About the World Wide Web • Uses of JavaScript • About Hypertext Markup Language • How to creating an HTML document • About the JavaScript programming language • About logic and debugging JavaScript 2 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The World Wide Web • Created in 1989  European Laboratory for Particle Physics (Geneva Switzerland) • Purpose  Provide an easy way to access cross- referenced documents that exist on the internet JavaScript 3 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The World Wide Web • Hypertext links  Contain reference to locate and open specific documents • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)  Language used to design web pages (documents) • Web Browser  Program that displays HTML documents JavaScript 4 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The World Wide Web • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  A type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) • Identifies names and addresses on the WWW  A unique identifier for a web document • e.g., a telephone number or mailing address JavaScript 5 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The World Wide Web • Uniform Resource Locator (URL)  Consists of 4 parts: • Protocol → Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Domain Name → or Internet Protocol (IP) address • Directory • Filename  Specific document filename  index.(s)htm(l) or default.(s)htm(l) JavaScript 6 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 7 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  JavaScript’s role on the Web • HTML  Purpose → tell the browser how a document should appear  Static → can view or print (no interaction) JavaScript 8 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  JavaScript’s role on the Web • JavaScript Programming Language  Developed by Netscape for use in Navigator Web Browsers  Purpose → make web pages (documents) more dynamic and interactive • Change contents of document, provide forms and controls, animation, control web browser window, etc. JavaScript 9 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 10 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 11 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 12 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Hypertext Markup Language • HTML Document  Text document that contains: • Tags → formatting instructions • Text to be displayed  Document is parsed or rendered by browser JavaScript 13 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Hypertext Markup Language • HTML Document  Tags • Enclosed in brackets <tag> • Generally consist of:  Opening tags <tag>  Closing tags </tag> • Text contained between the opening and closing tags are formatted according to tag instructions JavaScript 14 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Hypertext Markup Language • HTML Document  Tags • All HTML documents begin with <html> tag and end with </html> • HTML is not case sensitive JavaScript 15 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Hypertext Markup Language • HTML Document  Tag Attributes • Used to configure tags • Placed before closing bracket of opening tag  <tag attribute=“value”>some text</tag> JavaScript 16 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 17 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 18 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 19 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Hypertext Markup Language • HTML Document  Web browser only acknowledges text and valid tags  Web browser ignores non-printing characters • Spaces, tabs, carriage returns  Must use valid tags or special character codes to accomplish this: • Non-breaking space → &nbsp; JavaScript 20 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 21 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 22 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Creating an HTML Document • Text editor (text)  Notepad, WordPad • Word Processor (that can create text files)  Word • HTML Editor (WYSIWYG)  FrontPage, PageMill • HTML Converters (WYSIWYG)  Word, PowerPoint JavaScript 23 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 24 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The JavaScript Programming Language • Scripting Languages  Executed by an interpreter contained within the web browser (scripting host)  Interpreter uses a scripting engine • Converts code to executable format each time it runs • Converted when browser loads web document JavaScript 25 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The JavaScript Programming Language • JavaScript  Originally called LiveScript when introduced in Netscape Navigator  In Navigator 2.0, name changed to JavaScript  Current version 1.5 • JScript  MS version of JavaScript • Current version 5.5 JavaScript 26 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The JavaScript Programming Language • ECMAScript  International, standardized version (Edition 3)  Both versions (JavaScript and JScript) conform to the standard • Although both have proprietary extensions  Focus of this text JavaScript 27 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  The JavaScript Programming Language • JavaScript  Two formats: • Client-side  Program runs on client (browser) • Server-side  Program runs on server  Proprietary to web server platform JavaScript 28 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
JavaScript 29 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Logic and Debugging • Syntax  Rules of the language • Logic  Order of execution of various parts of the program JavaScript 30 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Logic and Debugging • Syntax error  Misuse of syntax • e.g., typing fer instead of for • Logic errors  Unintended operation of program • e.g., Infinite loop JavaScript 31 Tutorial 1 - Introduction
Programming, HTML, and JavaScript  Logic and Debugging • Debugging  Tracing and resolving errors in a program  Coined by Admiral Grace Hopper • Moth short-circuited a relay  “bug” in the system • Removed it → system “debugged”  Not an exact science JavaScript 32 Tutorial 1 - Introduction