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POLITEKNIK MALAYSIA

This document provides an introduction to web applications. It discusses the evolution of the internet and world wide web, and defines a web application as a client/server application that uses a web browser as the client and connects to servers over the internet. The typical architecture of a web application involves a web browser, web server, data store, and back-end components working together.

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INTRODUCTION TO WEB APPLICATION Chapter 1
In this chapter, you will learn about:  The evolution of the Internet  The beginning of the World Wide Web, ethical use of information on the Web, Web Accessibility, and future Internet trends.  The Client/Server Model, The blocks of World Wide Web
Enter 21st Century!
Our Information Landscape
WHAT’S INTERNET?
INTERNET & THE WEB  The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide.  The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers.
WHAT’S THE WORLD WIDE WEB?
WHAT’S THE WORLD WIDE WEB? The Web is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet 3 first bricks:  Uniform Resource Locator (URL) i.e.,  unique identifiers for resources on the Web  HyperText Markup Language (HTML)  i.e., the publishing language  Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  i.e., the exchange protocol This is a technological point of view of course!
The Future of Information
What is web application ?
What is web application ? It is a client/server application that uses a web browser as its client program, and performs an interactive service by connecting with servers over the Internet (or Intranet). A web site simply delivers content from static files. A web application presents dynamically tailored content based on request parameters, tracked user behaviors, and security considerations.
What is web application ? [wikipedia.org] A web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. The term may also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser- controlled environment or coded in a browser- supported language and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable […] Web applications can be considered as a specific variant of client-server
What is web application ?  [sitepoint.com] Web applications are stored on a server and delivered to users over the Internet. A Web application is usually a three-tier structure, comprising a User Service tier (allowing user access to the application), a Business Service tier (allowing the user to carry out complex activities) and a Data.
What is web application ? [about.com][Shklar & Rosen]A web application is any application that uses a web browser as a client.
Benefits : Easy to deploy and upgrade, Cross-platform compatibility, Limited resources on client side, Interoperability.
Drawbacks : Limitations on user interface compared to native Graphical User Interface, Compatibility issues with some web browser, Require a network connection, The user does not own the software.
A Brief History
Where is the birthplace of the Web? Who is the mother of the Web?
CERN Tim Berners-Lee
Key dates 1993: Mosaic browser, CGI 1995: PHP 1.0 1996: JavaScript 1.0 1999: Web Application, Java Servlet (server) 2005: AJAX 2008: HTML5 first public working draft 2014?: HTML5 specification
(User) client vs (remote) server 70s: Light user terminals, everything is done by the server. ● 80s/90s: Personal computers. Everything happens on client side. ● 90s/2000s: Light client (web browser), all logic in server. ● 2000s: Logic is back in the client ("Web 2.0"). ● 2010s: Mobile applications.
Overall Architecture
Typical architecture of a web application
Web browser Mainly user interface, Short term state (in general), May implement some logic, especially for fast response time (but untrusted), Communicate with the web server using HTTP(S), Executing HTML, CSS and JavaScript code.
Web browser Main task : Generate and submit web requests to web servers Accept responses from web servers and produce visual presentations out of it Render the results
DOM Document Object Model DOM is a hierarchical representation of an HTML page Changes in DOM influence what is shown to the user
Web server (front-end) Answers to HTTP(S) requests from the web clients, Stateless, Reads and writes data in a persistent data store, Performs most of the business logic, Consists in a general of a server/container(Apache, Tomcat) and a framework (PHP, Java Servlets, etc.) running business logic.
Data store The state of the web application, Historically a (My)SQL database, some more recent evolutions, The synchronisation point.
Back-end All what needs to be done in the server, but which is not triggered by a client request.
Who Organizes the Web?
W3C ORGANIZES THE WEB