Php Chapter 2 3 Training

Php Chapter 2 3 Training

• 1.
  PHP Functions and Arrays Orlando PHPMeetup Zend Certification Training March 2009
• 2.
  Functions Minimal syntax function name(){ } PHP function names are not case- sensitive. All functions in PHP return a value—even if you don’t explicitly cause them to. No explicit return value returns NULL “return $value;” exits function immediately.
• 3.
  Variable Scope Global scope Avariable declared or first used outside of a function or class has global scope. NOT visible inside functions by default. Use “global $varname;” to make a global variable visible inside a function. Function scope Declared or passed in via function parameters. A visible throughout the function, then discarded when the function exits. Case scope Stay tuned for Object Oriented chapter…
• 4.
  Scope (continued) Global $a ="Hello"; $b = "World"; function hello() { global $a, $b; echo "$a $b"; echo $GLOBALS[’a’] .’ ’. $GLOBALS[’b’]; }
• 5.
  Scope (continued) Regular Parameters functionhello($who = "World") { echo "Hello $who"; } Variable Length Parameters func_num_args(), func_get_arg() and func_get_args() function hello() { if (func_num_args() > 0) { $arg = func_get_arg(0); // The first argument is at position 0 echo "Hello $arg"; } else { echo "Hello World"; }
• 6.
  Passing Arguments by ReferencePrefixa parameter with an “&” Function func (&$variable) {} Changes to the variable will persist after the function call function cmdExists($cmd, &$output = null) { $output = ‘whereis $cmd‘; if (strpos($output, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) !== false) { return true; } else { return false; } }
• 7.
  Function Summary Declare functionswith parameters and return values By default, parameters and variables have function scope. Pass parameters by reference to return values to calling function. Parameters can have default values. If no default identified, then parameter must be passed in or an error will be thrown. Parameter arrays are powerful but hard to debug.
• 8.
  Arrays All arrays areordered collections of items, called elements. Has a value, identified by a unique key (integer or case sensitive string) Keys By default, keys start at zero String can be of any length Value can be any variable type (string, number, object, resource, etc.)
• 9.
  Declaring Arrays Explicit $a =array (10, 20, 30); $a = array (’a’ => 10, ’b’ => 20, ’cee’ => 30); $a = array (5 => 1, 3 => 2, 1 => 3,); $a = array(); //Empty Implicit $x[] = 10; //Gets next available int index, 0 $x[] = 11; //Next index, 1 $x[’aa’] = 11;
• 10.
  Printing Arrays print_r() Recursively printsthe values May return value as a string to assign to a variable. Var_dump() outputs the data types of each value Can only echo immediately
• 11.
  Enumerative vs. Associative Enumerative Integer indexes,assigned sequentially When no key given, next key = max(integer keys) + 1 Associative Integer or String keys, assigned specifically Keys are case sensitive but type insensitive ‘a’ != ‘A’ but ‘1’ == 1 Mixed $a = array (’4’ => 5, ’a’ => ’b’); $a[] = 44; // This will have a key of 5
• 12.
  Multi-dimensional Arrays Array item valueis another array $array = array(); $array[] = array(’foo’,’bar’); $array[] = array(’baz’,’bat’); echo $array[0][1] . $array[1] [0];
• 13.
  Unraveling Arrays list() operator Receivesthe results of an array List($a, $b, $c) = array(‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’); Assigns $a = ‘one’, $b = ‘two’, $c = ‘three’ Useful for functions that return an array list($first, $last, $last_login) = mysql_fetch_row($result);
• 14.
  Comparing Arrays Equal (==) Arraysmust have the same number and value of keys and values, but in any order Exactly Equal (===) Arrays must have the same number and value of keys and values and in the exact same order.
• 15.
  Counting, Searching and DeletingElements count($array) Returns the number of elements in the first level of the array. array_key_exists($key, $array) If array element with key exists, returns TRUE, even if value is NULL in_array($value, $array) If the value is in the array, returns TRUE unset($array[$key]) Removes the element from the array.
• 16.
  Flipping and Reversing array_flip($array) Swapskeys for values Returns a new array array_reverse($array) Reverses the order of the key/value pairs Returns a new array Don’t confuse the two, like I usually do
• 17.
  Array Iteration The ArrayPointer reset(), end(), next(), prev(), current(), key() An Easier Way to Iterate foreach($array as $value) {} foreach($array as $key=>$value){} Walk the array and process each value array_walk($array, ‘function name to call’); array_walk_recursive($array, ‘function’);
• 18.
  Sorting Arrays There areeleven sorting functions in PHP sort($array) Sorts the array in place and then returns. All keys become integers 0,1,2,… asort($array) Sorts the array in place and returns Sorts on values, but leaves key assignments in place. rsort() and arsort() to reverse sort. ksort() and krsort() to sort by key, not value
• 19.
  Sorting (continued) usort($array, ‘compare_function’) Compare_function($one,$two) returns -1 if $one < $two 0 if $one == $two 1 if $one > $two Great if you are sorting on a special function, like length of the strings or age or something like that. uasort() to retain key=>value association. shuffle($array) is the anti-sort
• 20.
  Arrays as Stacks, Queuesand Sets Stacks (Last in, first out) array_push($array, $value [, $value2] ) $value = array_pop($array) Queue (First in, first out) array_unshift($array, $value [, $value2] ) $value = array_shift($array) Set Functionality $array = array_diff($array1, $array2) $array = array_intersect($a1, $a2)
• 21.
  Summary Arrays are probablythe single most powerful data management tool available to PHP developers. Therefore, learning to use them properly is essential for a good developer. Some methods are naturally more efficient than others. Read the function notes to help you decide. Look for ways in your code to use arrays to reduce code and improve flexibility.
• 22.
  Thank You Shameless Plug 15years of development experience, 14 of that running my own company. I am currently available for new contract work in PHP and .NET. cchubb@codegurus.com