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Oracle and Docker

The document discusses the integration of Oracle databases within Docker containers, detailing their deployment, configuration, and best practices. Key points include the importance of using Docker volumes for data persistence and the challenges surrounding licensing. It highlights that while Docker simplifies database setups, it may not be suitable for high I/O performance applications.

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BASEL | BERN | BRUGG | BUKAREST | DÜSSELDORF | FRANKFURT A.M. | FREIBURG I.BR. | GENF HAMBURG | KOPENHAGEN | LAUSANNE | MANNHEIM | MÜNCHEN | STUTTGART | WIEN | ZÜRICH www.oradba.ch@stefanoehrli Oracle and Docker Oracle Databases in Docker Container Stefan Oehrli
BASEL | BERN | BRUGG | BUKAREST | DÜSSELDORF | FRANKFURT A.M. | FREIBURG I.BR. | GENF HAMBURG | KOPENHAGEN | LAUSANNE | MANNHEIM | MÜNCHEN | STUTTGART | WIEN | ZÜRICH Stefan Oehrli Platform Architect, Trainer and Partner at Trivadis • Since 1997 active in various IT areas • Since 2008 with Trivadis AG • More than 20 years of experience in Oracle databases Focus: Protecting data and operating databases securely • Security assessments and reviews • Database security concepts and their implementation • Oracle Backup & Recovery concepts and troubleshooting • Oracle Enterprise User Security, Advanced Security, Database Vault, … • Oracle Directory Services Co-author of the book The Oracle DBA (Hanser, 2016/07) @stefanoehrli www.oradba.ch
Agenda 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker3 • Introduction • Docker images, container and volumes • Database image • Database container • Use cases • Licensing • Summary
Introduction 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker4
What is Docker? 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker5 • One software container platform • Developed from Linux / Linux containers • Available... • ... for Linux, Mac OS and Windows • ... as Community Edition (CE) and Enterprise Edition (EE) • Part of the Linux Open Container Initiative (OCI) • Docker is not the only implementation of Linux containers • Core OS / Rkt, LXC Linux Containers, OpenVZ, Mesos Containerizer,... • Docker has the largest market share • Increase the interchangeability and reproducibility of objectives
Oracle support for Docker 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker6 • Various Oracle products are supported and certified for Docker • MOS Note 2216342.1 Oracle Support for Database Running on Docker • MOS Note 2017945.1 Support Information for Oracle WebLogic Server and Oracle Fusion Middleware Running in Docker Containers • Container Oracle Linux 7 / UEK4 Kernel or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 as base image • Oracle sources for images or official build sources • Oracle Docker Build Sources on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/docker-images • Oracle Container Registry https://container-registry.oracle.com • Oracle Container Engine and Registry https://developer.oracle.com/containers • Oracle auf Docker Hub https://hub.docker.com/publishers/oracle
What else about containers? 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker7 • There is no such thing as THE container. • Single Process / Service • No replacement for VMs • Small space requirement • Dealing with identities and sensitive data • Dealing with data persistent • Understanding how to build containers, but • ...not every container has to be adapted individually • ...use available and trusted container repositories Source: Volkswagen Advertising (June 2016)
Docker images, container and volumes 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker8
Virtualization • Use of common infrastructure • each VM is a "server • guest operating system • Software and libraries • uses • Redundancy • Effort for setting up the VMs 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker9
Docker container • Use of common infrastructure • a host operating system • Applications are "packaged • Only necessary libraries and software components • Use of existing images • Slim • Reproducible • Because automatically created • Docker Image are immutable 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker10
Docker components 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker11
Volumes • Docker Image are immutable • Changes only in a new image • A container is based on an image • Top Layer read/write • No persistence over the lifetime of the container • Securing data persistence through volumes • Data is outside the container • Lifecycle… • New image • New container • current volume 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker12
Database image 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker13
• Deploy the Docker Build scripts e.g. https://github.com/oehrlis/docker • Docker environment e.g. Docker Desktop for Mac OS • Deploying Oracle Software • Oracle Database Enterprise Edition 18c (18.3.0.0) • Oracle Database Release Update 18.6.0.0.0 (Patch 29301631) • Oracle OJVM Release Update 18.6.0.0.190416 (Patch 29249584) • OPatch 12.2.0.1.17 for DB 18.x releases (APR 2019) (Patch 6880880) • Deploying the Docker Base Image docker pull oraclelinux:7-slim git clone https://github.com/oehrlis/docker Prerequisites 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker14
• Dockerfile uses Multi-Stage Build • Available from Docker 17.05 • Use of multiple FROM statements • Splitting the build process into several sections • Reduction of image size • software is part of the build context and is copied • Optional download of the software from a local web server • Start Docker Build with the command docker build cd docker/OracleDatabase/18.6.0.0 docker build -t oracle/database:18.6.0.0 . Build image 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker15
Dockerfile • Base image • Setting the environment • OS configuration of the basic image • Build image • Copying Oracle binaries and patch files • Installing the Oracle software • Installation of the Oracle Patch, Trivadis BasenvTM • Target image • Copying the software from the build image • Completion of the installation (root.sh scripts) • Definition of ports, volume and start script 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker16
Image build scripts 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker17 Dockerfile uses different scripts for configuring the image • 00_setup_oradba_init.sh Installation of the latest OraDBA Init scripts • 01_setup_os_db.sh OS Setup Configuration • Users, create groups • Install YUM Software Packages • 10_setup_db_18.6.sh Installation of the Oracle Binaries • Oracle Basis Release • Release Updates and Oracle JVM Update • 20_setup_basenv.sh Installation of Trivadis BasEnvTM • 5n_xxxxx_database.sh Various scripts for configuring the container
Database container 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker18
• Control of the container log and status of the DB with docker logs -f tdb186s • Starting or instantiating an Oracle database container with docker run • specify host (--hostname) and container name (--name) • Volume for the database files • Oracle instance name as environment variable ORACLE_SID • Executing the container command CMD docker run --detach --hostname tdb186s --name tdb186s --volume /data/docker/volumes/tdb186s:/u01 -p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 -e ORACLE_SID=TDB186S oracle/database:18.6.0.0 Oracle database container 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker19
Procedure for container start 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker20
Container Scripts 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker21 • 50_run_database.sh checks the volume and starts the database with… • 50_start_database.sh If no database exists, the script • 52_create_database.sh is called • 50_start_database.sh starts the listener and the database instance • 52_create_database.sh creates a database with the dbca. Base parameters can be adjusted with environment variables • 55_config_database.sh checks whether configuration files (*.sh or *.sql) are present in the directory ${INSTANCE_INIT}/setup or ${INSTANCE_INIT}/startup respectively. • 55_check_database.sh is used for the health check of the Docker container and checks the status of the database instance
Container variables 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker22 Variable Purpose ORACLE_SID Oracle SID or database name. Default value is TDB186S CONTAINER Flag for creating an Oracle container database Default value is FALSE ORACLE_PDB Oracle PDB Name. Default value PDB1 ORACLE CHARACTERSET Oracle character set. Default value AL32UTF8 ORACLE_PWD Password for the SYS user. The default password is generated and stored in the admin directory INSTANCE_INIT Directory for the instance configuration files ORADBA_RSP Various variables for the adaptation of the dbca template
Completion of initial container start 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker23 • At the first start, 50_run_database.sh creates a database. • Checking the output of 50_run_database.sh with docker logs tdb186s
Access to the database container 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker24 • Access for applications via exported ports e.g. 1521 • Different whether on Windows, MacOS and Linux • Docker runs on Linux "native" only • Access via command line with docker exec and sqlplus, bash etc.
Access to the database container 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker25 • Access for applications via exported ports e.g. 1521 • Different whether on Windows, MacOS and Linux • Docker runs on Linux "native" only • Access via command line with docker exec and sqlplus, bash etc.
Use cases 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker26
Use Cases 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker27 • Oracle databases in containers can also be used in a microservice environment • Corresponding build and configuration scripts must be developed individually • Real Application Cluster (RAC) for test and development officially supported • Oracle example on GitHub https://github.com/oracle/docker-images • Use of Oracle Container • Docker container contains single-PDB • PDB can be plugged/unplugged relatively easily • Using Docker Compose • No manual docker commands • Link container • Establishment of a private network
• Shutting down either by stop or down • down will remove the container • stop just stops the service / container • Define all parameter, volumes, network etc. in a YAML file • Default name is docker-compose.yml • Can contain multiple containers • Started and managed via docker-compose command or regular docker command • Start the container in background / detach docker-compose up -d docker-compose down Docker compose 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker28
• Example docker-compose.yml file for tdb186s • YAML, watches out for the correct whitespace characters tdb186s: image: ${DOCKER_USER}/${DOCKER_REPO}:18.6.0.0 container_name: tdb186s hostname: tdb186s restart: unless-stopped network_mode: bridge volumes: - ${DOCKER_VOLUME_BASE}/tdb186s:/u01 - ./config:/u01/config ports: - "1521" environment: CONTAINER: 'FALSE’ INSTANCE_INIT: /u01/config ORACLE_SID: TDB186S Docker compose file 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker29
Oracle Enterprise User Security • Oracle Database Container • Demo Schema with VPD • Oracle Unified Directory Container • Directory with EUS suffix • Initial start of containers • Creating the DB / Directory • Registration of the DB • Configuration of EUS • Available on GitHub • https://github.com/oehrlis/docker/tre e/master/samples/eus 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker30
Oracle DB and Docker best practice 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker31 • Always use the latest Docker version at least Docker CE 17.03 • btrfs is the recommended storage driver alternative overlay2 • Use latest images and build files • Use data containers or volumes to ensure persistence • Container are not VM’s • Patching, HA, B&R and Security work differently • Basically there is no reason to login to the container
Licensing 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker32
Licensing - Docker 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker33 • Docker Desktop • Docker application for Mac or Windows • Available as community and new enterprise version • Docker Engine • Available for different Linux distributions • Community and enterprise version available • Docker Enterprise • Complete container platform based on Docker Engine • Additional components like support, trusted registry, orchestration, security etc. Source: https://www.docker.com/products
Licensing - Oracle 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker34 Oracle Software • Docker allows to limit resources like CPU, Memory, etc. • Limitation not applicable in the context of Oracle licensing! • CPU cores of the Docker hosts determine the required licenses • Analogous challenge to virtualization Possible solutions • Using Oracle Express Edition 18c in the Docker Environment • Oracle ULA (Unlimited License Agreement) • Development of a dedicated docker infrastructure for Oracle software Source: Oracle Inc.
Summary 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker35
Summary • Oracle databases can be set up easily and quickly in containers. • Docker based databases are not suited for high io performance. • Use of Docker volumes is mandatory to ensures data persistence. • The development of clear use cases and suitable architecture is a prerequisite. • As with virtualization, licensing remains one of the major challenges. 22.05.2019 SOUG Day - Oracle and Docker36
BASEL | BERN | BRUGG | BUKAREST | DÜSSELDORF | FRANKFURT A.M. | FREIBURG I.BR. | GENF HAMBURG | KOPENHAGEN | LAUSANNE | MANNHEIM | MÜNCHEN | STUTTGART | WIEN | ZÜRICH Question and answers… Stefan Oehrli Solution Manager / Trivadis Partner Tel.: +41 58 459 55 55 stefan.oehrli@trivadis.com @stefanoehrli www.oradba.ch https://url.oradba.ch/SOUG1905
Oracle and Docker