Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML
Development Workflows
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Octavian Nadolu, Syncro Soft
octavian.nadolu@oxygenxml.com
@OctavianNadolu
Custom DITA Rules
Project Manager at Syncro Soft
octavian.nadolu@oxygenxml.com
• 20+ years of experience in XML technologies
• Contributor to XML-related open-source projects
• Speaker at XML and content technology conferences
• Passionate about innovation, structured content, and travel
About me
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Agenda
● Why AI matters for XML development
● AI-assisted XML work: generation, completion,
explanation, and review
● From AI assistant to AI agent: tools, skills, and
workflow automation
● Practical XML examples: XSLT generation,
refactoring, and DITA restructuring
● Feedback loops: validate, fix, test, and review
● Challenges, failure modes, and best practices
for adoption
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Why AI for XML?
● XML remains essential for structured
content, publishing, data exchange, and
validation
● XML development is powerful, but often
verbose and detail-sensitive
● Teams work with XSD, XPath, XQuery, XSLT,
Schematron, and large document sets
● Growing complexity increases maintenance
cost
● AI can improve productivity without
replacing XML-aware validation
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
The Opportunity and the Constraint
● Opportunity:
● Faster drafting
● Easier explanation of unfamiliar code
● Better onboarding
● Reduced friction for repetitive tasks
● Constraint:
● AI output must still be verified
● Plausible code may still be wrong
● Human oversight remains essential
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Where AI Accelerates XML Work
• AI-assisted code generation
• Context-aware completion and
explanation
• Onboarding and knowledge transfer
• Review and refactoring support
• Automation of project-specific tasks
• Agentic support and orchestration
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Example
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
AI-Assisted Code Generation
AI can draft:
• XML structure
• XSLT templates
• Schematron rules
• XSD components
• XPath expressions
• Documentation snippets
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Create New XSLT Document Using AI
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Context-Aware Completion and Explanation
Traditional completion uses:
• syntax
• schema constraints
• keyword matching
AI-assisted completion can also use:
• surrounding code context
• nearby templates and patterns
• likely XPath expressions
• intent explanation in plain language
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Review, Refactoring, and Knowledge Transfer
AI can help identify:
• Inconsistent XML structure or naming
• Validation errors and possible fixes
• Duplicate or unused content
• Problems in XSLT, XPath, CSS, or schema files
Also useful for:
• Explaining complex XML, XSLT, or schema logic
• Suggesting safer refactoring changes
• Documenting project rules and conventions
• Helping new team members understand the project quickly
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Example
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Automation and Agentic Workflows
AI can help with repeated tasks, for example:
• Generate XML, XSLT, XSD, or Schematron
• Suggest fixes for validation errors
• Convert content to structured XML
• Create documentation or summaries
In agentic workflows, AI can:
• Plan the steps needed to complete a task
• Update XML, XSD, XSLT, CSS, and Schematron files
• Validate and test the result
• Fix problems and try again
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Agentic AI
• Generative AI vs Agentic A!
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Practical Example: Element Rename
Prepare Execute Verify & fix Deliver
User
requests
rename
Analyse
Scan & map
all files
XML
Rename
tags
XSD
Update
schema
XSL
Fix match
& select
CSS
Fix element
selectors
JS / TS
Update DOM
queries
Tests
Fix specs
& asserts
Docs
README &
comments
Validate
XML, XSD,
XSLT parse
Fix
Patch errors
& misses
retry
↻
Git commit
Stage &
commit all
Report
Files changed,
warnings
1 2 3 4 5 6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13
Legend
Prepare
Execute
Verify & fix
Fix (loop)
Deliver
Agentic AI
XML element rename
workflow — 13 steps
Click any step to explore
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
A Practical Four-Stage Loop
1. Gather context From document, schema, stylesheet, validation rules, project
resources
2. Generate draft Explanation, query, transformation, rule, or plan
3. Execute deterministic steps Validation, XPath evaluation, refactoring, search
4. Human review Accept, refine, or reject
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Tools an AI Agent Can Use
● Read and understand XML files, schemas, stylesheets,
and project context
● Search across the project for elements, attributes,
references, and patterns
● Edit, rename, move, and organize XML-related files
● Validate XML, run transformations, and apply
refactoring
● Use Git for diffs, history, branches, commits, and
reviews
● Connect to external tools through MCP, command-line
tools, IDE APIs, and CI/CD systems
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
How AI Uses Skills
● Skills are reusable instructions that teach the AI
how to perform domain-specific tasks
● A skill gives the AI task-specific guidance, rules, and
examples
● It helps the AI choose the right tools for the job
● It can describe project conventions, naming rules,
and coding standards
● It improves repeatable tasks like validation,
refactoring, and review
● It reduces guesswork by giving the AI domain-
specific context
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Useful AI Skills for XML Development
● XSLT skill: create, review, and run XML transformations
● Schematron skill: write and test business validation rules
● XSD skill: understand schemas, validate XML, and suggest schema changes
● XSpec skill: create and run tests for XSLT and Schematron
● DITA skill: work with topics, maps, keys, reuse, and publishing rules
● S1000D skill: support data modules, BREX rules, applicability, and technical
publications
● Translation skill: prepare content for localization, check terminology, and
preserve XML structure
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Practical Example: DITA map restructuring and topic refactoring
DITA map restructuring — flat topics → typed hierarchy
bookmap.ditamap
40 flat mixed
topic files
1. Parse map
Read all topicrefs,
conrefs, xrefs
2. Classify topics
Concept / T
ask /
Reference / T
roubleshoot
3. Plan hierarchy
Chapters, sections,
topic nesting order
4. Split topics
Mixed topic →
concept + task files
5. Retype topics
Add correct DTD /
XSD specialisation
6. Rebuild map
New bookmap with
chapter nesting
7. Fix conrefs
Update xrefs,
conrefs, keys
8. Validate
DITA-OT check,
broken links, DTD
9. Fix errors
Dead xrefs, wrong
topic type, keydef
↻ retry
10. Publish PDF
DITA-OT PDF2
transformation
11. Publish HTML5
WebHelp /
HTML5 output
12. Report
T
opics moved,
refs fixed, output
Before — flat mixed map
<map>
<topicref href="intro.dita"/>
<topicref href="install-and-overview.dita"/>
<topicref href="config-reference.dita"/>
After — typed hierarchy
<bookmap>
<chapter href="concepts/intro.dita">
<topicref href="tasks/install.dita"/>
<topicref href="ref/config.dita"/>
Analyse Execute Validate Fix Publish
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Feedback loop
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integration Architecture: Bringing AI into XML Workflows
AI can be integrated through:
• cloud APIs
• local LLMs
• editor/IDE integration
• pipeline and service integration
Core principle:
• AI handles interpretation, drafting, and planning
• XML-aware tools handle validation, refactoring, querying, and controlled
execution
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Challenges and Limitations of AI in XML Development
● Limited project context: AI may miss dependencies between XML, schemas,
stylesheets, maps, and reused content
● Confident but incorrect output: generated code or XML may look right but
contain logical mistakes
● Validation is not enough: content can be schema-valid but still fail business rules
or publishing requirements
● Incomplete changes: refactoring may miss related files, references, namespaces,
or downstream transformations
● Security and privacy risks: XML content, customer data, business rules, and
intellectual property must be protected
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Typical Failure Modes in Practice
Observed patterns include:
• Invented namespace prefixes or wrong namespace URIs
• XPath evaluated in the wrong context
• Valid-looking XSLT that handles only part of the data
• Refactoring that misses related files or references
• XML that is schema-valid but business-invalid
• Broken IDs, links, keys, includes, or reused content
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Best Practices for Adoption
• Use AI for acceleration, not authority
• Provide project context, not generic prompts
• Validate every generated artifact
• Prefer XML-aware refactoring for structural changes
• Keep humans in the approval loop
• Define checkpoints in agentic workflows
• Verify every step with deterministic XML tooling
Integrating AI into XML Development
Integrating AI into XML Development
Conclusion
• AI is becoming a practical companion for XML
development
• It works best when connected to XML-aware
editors, IDEs, and validation tools
• Its strongest roles are drafting, explaining,
reviewing, and planning changes
• Correctness still depends on schemas,
Schematron, tests, and expert review
• AI does not replace XML expertise — it helps
experts work faster and more consistently
Questions?
Octavian Nadolu
Project Manager at Syncro Soft
octavian.nadolu@oxygenxml.com
LinkedIn: octaviannadolu