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Berhanu Abebe Dagnaw, profile picture
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fundamentals of Databases

This document provides an introduction to fundamentals of database systems. It discusses what a database is, the benefits of using a database over flat files, and the different types of users that interact with databases, including end users, support personnel, database administrators, and database designers. It also describes what a database management system (DBMS) is and its main purposes, such as providing concurrency control, data processing functions, authorization services, integrity services, and user interfaces.

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Fundamentals of Database Systems By Berhanu Abebe
Chapter 1 - Introduction • Computers • Purpose of computers • Database • Benefits of Database • Database Vs flat files • Users of a Database • DBMS • Purposes of DBMS
Introduction • Data • Information • Data processing • What is data for someone may be an information to the other and vice versa.
Computers • An electronic machine that  Accepts inputs  Processes them  Stores the result  Displays the output • The main task of a computer is to transform data into information. • The computer can do this by storing the data in a database and then by querying the database you can get an information out of data.
Database • Database – shared collection of logically related data. Data that is organized and stored in a computer and can be searched and retrieved by a computer program.
Benefits of Database • Data can be shared • Concurrent access of data • Reduced redundancy • Quality data can be maintained – constraints, data type specifications • Security measures can be enforced • Speed will be enhanced ( for searching data and …) • Centralized information control
Why not text files, Spreadsheets • Data integrity • Redundancy • Outdated data • Data size • Retrieval • Searching • Filtering • Protecting data from unauthorized use • Protecting data from becoming corrupt
Database users • The people who interact with the database. 1. End users – updating, inserting or modifying data from the database  naïve users – only access the database based on their demand and access level, unaware of the DBMS, use predefined queries  sophisticated users – have complex requirements and queries, know the structure of the DBMS, engineers, scientists…  casual users – occasional users, need different data every time they come, use sophisticated queries…
Users … 2. Support personnel - manage the database starting from its creation.  Database Administrator - responsible to manage the database and the DBMS, authorize access, determine HW and SW resources,  Database Designer – identifies the data to be stored and the structure of the database.  System Administrator – responsible for the entire computer system of the organization.
DBMS • Stands for Database Management System • A DBMS is a software package for providing a systematic method for creating, updating, storing, retrieving data in a database. controlling data access, enforcing data integrity, managing concurrency control, and recovery.
Purposes of DBMS • Concurrency control • Data processing – creating ,updating, modifying…. • Authorization service • Integrity services • User interfaces
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