Food price hike impact

Food price hike impact

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  NATIONAL INSTITUTE OFMANAGEMENT ISLAMABAD, 16th Mid Career Management Course IMPACT OF PRICE HIKE IN FOOD STUFF By: Muhammad Saghir Khan, S&GAD,AJ&K 2
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  Sunday, 15 Sept. 2013 3
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  Thursday, October 3,2013 4
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  7th Nov. 2013 5
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  SCHEME OF PRESENTATION •Statement of the Problem • Introduction • Impact of Food Price Hike • Issues and Challenges • Analysis • Conclusion • Recommendations 6
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  STATEMENT OF THEPROBLEM Price hike in food items have far reaching effects on common man in economic, social, cultural and political spheres as well as at national level, what measures can be taken to control price hike & its effects? 7
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  INTRODUCTION • What isFood? Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of Plant or Animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. ( Encyclopedia Britannica ) • Food Sources: 1-Plants 2- Animals a)-Plants: i-Staple Food ( Cereals/grains i.e maize, wheat, barley and rice etc. ii-Seeds, iii-Fruits, iv- vegetable) b)-Animal Food: i- Meat/Fish, ii-Dairy product, iii-Eggs, iv- Honey • How much Food is required for an individual? The amount of grains, protein, vegetable and fruits you need to eat depends on your age, sex, and level of physical activity. 8
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  INTRODUCTION • What isprice hike Sharp/abrupt increase in price. A percent of the cost of goods or services. A 10% price hike means the particular item has increased by 10%. Cont’d increase in cost of that • The Detriments of price hike Its mainly, Inflation, Fuel price, Hoarding/smuggling, Population pressure Food production and climate change • Situation in Pakistan 9
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  Price Comparison fiveyears and Previous Month Food Items Flour 10kg Bag Basmati rice Per KG Sugar, Per KG Beef per KG Milk (Fresh), Per Ltr Cooking oil,2.5kg Tin Mash PULSE WASHED, Per KG Tea yellow lable,200gm Egg (Hen),Farm Per Dozen Mutton Cumulative Increase Price in 2008 Price in Sept 2013 Price in Oct. 2013 5 Year Increase % 110 407.73 412.21 374.74 90 130 140 55.56 39 53.83 55.83 43.15 165 280.13 281.66 70.70 38 68.36 68.56 80.42 290 537 537.35 85.29 55 128.9 129.75 135.91 95 171.82 170.59 79.57 48 97.14 98.45 105.10 350 551.64 553.32 58.09 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistic 11
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  Price Comparison fiveyears and Previous Month Chart Title 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 12
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  The World HealthOrganization estimates that one-third of the world is well-fed, one-third is under-fed onethird is starving- Since the start of this presentation at least 200 people have died of starvation. Over 4 million will die this year. Source : World Health Organization 13
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  IMPACT OF PRICEHIKE IN FOOD STUFF : (Economic Impact) Household buying power Pakistanis spend a little under half of their income on food, about $7 per person per week: (43% of their income) :World Bank Food quality compromised Average monthly consumption on food and beverages dropped to 45.1%, as against 48.9% in the preceding year Education Parents are forced to make hard decisions regarding daily expenditures, including educational expenses. Households spend less than 4 percent of their total expenditures on education, which translates into 6-7 percent of their non food expenses. Health Care Reduced expenditures on health lead to less adequate treatment of disease and higher morbidity and mortality rates GDP Growth lesser demand in commodities slow the production and ultimately the GDP growth went down to 3.59% from 4.36 in from preceding year. 14
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  Many of theworld’s poorest people spend more than half their income on food (IFAD) Source: International Fund for Agriculture Development 15
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  IMPACT OF PRICEHIKE IN FOOD STUFF: (Economic Impact) Cont’d Higher unemployment Less production would lead to less employment. It has snow ball effect, Large poverty group According to some reports, as many as 40 percent of the population lives below the poverty line. The economic realities are driving even the middle classes into cutting corners. Increasing Import Bill Government would try to buy cheap food elsewhere resultantly imports will increase and balance of trade will be changed Positive impact on producers of food Price hike benefits the food producer and middle man Housing Cost The expenses on housing also went down slightly to 13.2%. 16
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  IMPACT OF PRICE HIKEIN FOOD STUFF People interaction compromised Cont’d Recreational activities compromised Social Impact Weddings Soaring crime 17
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  IMPACT OF PRICE HIKEIN FOOD STUFF EID/Christmas/ Diwali Cont’d Ramzan Cultural Impact Cinema Theater 18
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  IMPACT OF PRICE HIKEIN FOOD STUFF Government under pressure Cont’d Political instablity Political Impact Create Unrest Strikes 19
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  ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 20
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  ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Populationpressure The population growth rate officially estimated at 2.1 percent per year, we will be 260 Million by 2035 (The Express Tribune) Fuel Prices Since June Electricity is up 30%, Petrol 20% only in a period of 3 Months, gas is going up which is affecting the price of fertilizer and transport costs (The News) Food production Agriculture sector is still using traditional methods, the production is not being increased whereas the demand is ever growing Hoarding and smuggling In Pakistan most of the price hike in food is because of Hoarder and smugglers International market influence Global food prices have risen by 83% from February 2010 to February 2012 (World Bank) 21
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  ISSUES AND CHALLENGES Cont’d Inflation Inflationdirectly effect the prices of commodities, Higher Inflation higher prices. Role of middle man Farmers sell their produce to middlemen at cheaper rates mainly because they do not have direct access to markets. It is the middlemen who control market prices. Price fixation/monitoring mechanism There is no effective price fixation/monitoring mechanism in place Climate change Disruptive weather effects the agriculture produce Food Insecurity One-half of Pakistan’s population is considered to be “food insecure,” (World Food Programme) 22
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  Analysis • Pakistan’s populationhas reached up to 184.0 Million, if we internationally weigh against the extensive growth rate in our population; we are ahead of Russia and very slightly behind Brazil. As we import 70% Fuel and its prices have been ever increasing, resultantly it triggers the food price increase. Increase in Fuel price have direct impact on fertilizer, transport and pesticide prices. • Only 25% of the area of Pakistan is used for agriculture and we have serious problem with seeds, non existent of modern machinery, fertilizer and pesticides are expensive, the food produce is not what it should be. We should be exporting food rather struggling to feed our own people. 23
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  Analysis Cont’d • Despite thefact that farmers are producing more and more, especially wheat, and the country is enjoying surplus crops, the masses are still suffering shortage and unabated price hike. The food security issue is getting a serious by courtesy of the nefarious elements like middlemen, smuggling mafia and official network of some relevant department. Government is already holding stock of wheat and other essential food. Utility stores, wheat and sugar support price mechanism is in place. Inflation and international food prices seriously effects the food price in Pakistan as we import lot of edible oil. • Role of middle man and price mechanism is difficult area for government. However there is National Price Mechanism Committee headed by Finance Minister and have tabled the price mechanism bill in parliament quite recently. The NPMC is responsible to monitor the price of 28 essential food items 24
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  Analysis Cont’d • Many ofthe Pakistan’s poorest people spend more than half their income on food. Price hikes for cereals and other staples can force them to cut back on the quantity or quality of their food. This may result in food insecurity and malnutrition, with tragic implications in both the short and long term. • As the agriculture is open to nature and disruptive weathers play havoc to Agriculture food produce, in 2010 the agriculture sector has received a major blow of 300 Billion out of 855 Billion total damage. • Increasing fuel prices increases the input cost of various items i.e. fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, farm machinery, diesel etc. at sowing time as the demand increases 25
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  CONCLUSION • Despite thehardships and issues Pakistan is producing enough food for everyone but the situation is very volatile and can change dramatically. The Federal government is fully aware of this fact and already have set up Ministry of food security which is taking steps in right direction. Benazir income support Programme is on, Utility stores and wheat and sugar support price to farmers is in place and most importantly Government is paying more price to wheat farmers to protect their interests. • Hoarder and smugglers are continuously creating food shortage, rupee is losing its value fast, fuel prices are always rising. There is no effective price control in place. The middle man role is vital and Free market for food is almost non existent 26
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  CONCLUSION Cont’d • No directsubsidy is being provided on Agriculture Inputs particularly on wheat, however there is indirect subsidies like flat rates on power for irrigation, subsidy on gas for fertilizer and imported fertilizer 27
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  RECOMMENDATIONS • Population pressure,we can’t afford to allow the present ratio, Bangladesh and models can be followed • Hoarding and smuggling must be curbed (by sever punishment and tracking, good governance The present system of quota should be gradually abolished and corporate sector be brought. • Effective price mechanism to be established. At the movement it is at legislation stage should be expedited and enforced forthwith • Farmers access to market: Infrastructure required to be built, new roads, rail track etc. 28
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  RECOMMENDATIONS Cont’d • Food Security: Thegovernment must ensure household food security in the face of dramatic food price shocks through targeted safety nets. Controlling domestic food price • Modernizing Agriculture Improved Seeds quality, Farm Mechanization, Storage/processing facilities, /More Production • Subsidies: The Government should provide red diesel (without government taxes) to farmer for agriculture use as many western countries do to bring their cost of production down 29
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