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CoreOS in a Nutshell

CoreOS is a container-optimized operating system designed to enhance container infrastructure management. It emphasizes automatic updates, minimal kernel use, and secure operations for applications deployed in clustered environments using components like Kubernetes and Docker. The document provides an overview of its architecture, container management, and operational practices, along with examples of commands and configurations for managing containers.

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CoreOS in a Nutshell Alex Crawford Software Developer at CoreOS alex.crawford@coreos.com github.com/crawford
What is CoreOS?
What is CoreOS?
What is CoreOS?
What is CoreOS?
The smartest way to run your container infrastructure. tectonic.com @tectonic
QUAY Secure hosting for private container repositories quay.io @quayio
Why build CoreOS?
you
you as a sw engineer
your with Ada.Text_IO; procedure Hello_World is use Ada.Text_IO; begin Put_Line("Hello, world!"); end; #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, world!n"); } package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hello, world!") }
your container image
your /bin/java /opt/app.jar /lib/libc
your /bin/python /opt/app.py /lib/libc
your com.example.app d474e8c57737625c
your d474e8c57737625c Signed By: Alice
ops engineer
you as an ops engineer
your
your com.example.webapp x3
your com.example.webapp x3
your ??? com.example.webapp x3
How do we do it?
reduce API contracts minimal
kernel systemd rkt ssh docker python java nginx mysql openssl app trodistrodistrodistrodistrodistro
python java nginx mysql openssl apptrodistrodistrodistrodistrodistro kernel systemd rkt ssh docker
python openssl-A app1 trodistrodistrodistrodistrodistro java openssl-B app2 java openssl-B app3 kernel systemd rkt ssh docker
python openssl-A app1 trodistrodistrodistrodistrodistro java openssl-B app2 java openssl-B app3 CoreOS
CoreOS container trodistrodistrodistrodistrodistro container container
OS operations
updates OS operations
manual updates
automatic updates
automatic updates
atomic update with rollback CoreOS Updates
machine configuration OS operations
get into the cluster machine config
[Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet -- api_servers=https://172.17.4.101 -- register-node=true --hostname- override=172.17.4.201 -- cluster_dns=10.3.0.10 -- cluster_domain=cluster.local --tls- cert-file=worker.pem --tls-private-key- file=worker-key.pem
[Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet -- api_servers=https://172.17.4.101 -- register-node=true --hostname- override=172.17.4.201 -- cluster_dns=10.3.0.10 -- cluster_domain=cluster.local --tls- cert-file=worker.pem --tls-private-key- file=worker-key.pem
[Service] ExecStart=/usr/bin/kubelet -- api_servers=https://172.17.4.101 -- register-node=true --hostname- override=172.17.4.201 -- cluster_dns=10.3.0.10 -- cluster_domain=cluster.local --tls- cert-file=worker.pem --tls-private-key- file=worker-key.pem
distributed configuration cluster operations
etcd
/etc distributed
Available Leader Follower
Available Leader Follower
Available Leader Follower
Unavailable Leader Follower
Available Leader Follower
Available Leader Follower
Temporarily Unavailable Leader Follower
Available Leader Follower
Unavailable Leader Follower
what should run cluster operations
k8s/mesos/etc scheduler scheduling
getting work to servers scheduling
You
You Scheduler API
You Scheduler API Scheduler
You Scheduler API Scheduler Machine(s)
while true { todo = diff(desState, curState) schedule(todo) }
while true { todo = diff(desState, curState) schedule(todo) }
while true { todo = diff(desState, curState) schedule(todo) }
while true { todo = diff(desState, curState) schedule(todo) }
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl run example --image=quay.io/crawford/example --replicas=1 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
$ kubectl scale rc example --replicas=2 $ kubectl get pods POD IP example-97wt8 10.2.29.4 example-f839d 10.2.29.8
pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rc web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=3
pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rc web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=1
pod env=prod app=web rc web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=1
pod env=prod app=web rc web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=5
pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web rc web-prod select(env=prod,app=web) count=5
where is it running cluster operations
dns, LBs, k8s labels services
flexible service discovery k8s labels
pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web
pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web service test.example.com select(env=dev,app=web) service beta.example.com select(env=test,app=web) OR select(env=prod,app=web) service example.com select(env=prod,app=web)
pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=prod app=web pod env=dev app=web pod env=test app=web pod env=prod app=web service test.example.com select(env=dev,app=web) service beta.example.com select(env=test,app=web) OR select(env=prod,app=web) service example.com select(env=prod,app=web)
pod app=foo,version=1 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)
pod app=foo,version=1 pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)
pod app=foo,version=1 pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)
pod app=foo,version=1 pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)
pod app=foo,version=2 service foo.cluster.local select(app=foo)
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Questions?