Basic fundamental Computer input/output Accessories

Computer:Input and
Output Devices
BYLECTURERSURAJPANDEYCCT
COLLEGE

• Input Devices
The devices which are used to give data and instructions to
the computer are called Input Devices. Various types of input
devices can be used with the computer depending upon the
type of data you want to enter in the computer, e.g.,
keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen, etc.
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• Keyboard
• Keyboard is the most common and very popular input device
which helps to input data to the computer. The layout of the
keyboard is like that of traditional typewriter, although there
are some additional keys provided for performing additional
functions.
• Keyboards are of two sizes 84 keys or 101/102 keys, but now
keyboards with 104 keys or 108 keys are also available for
Windows and Internet.
• Types of keyboard:
• Standard keyboard
• Multimedia keyboard
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• Mouse
Mouse is another input device which is commonly found
connected with the computers. It is basically a pointing device
which works on the principle of Point and Click. When the
mouse is moved on the mouse pad, a light beam underneath
reflect to give motion to the pointer on the screen.
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• The mouse is used in windows based programs, where the
user can run the commands by pointing the objects with the
help of pointer and clicking the buttons on the mouse.
• Most of the latest mouses, these days, include a wheel in the
middle of two buttons that help us to scroll through
documents more easily. we use our forefinger to move the
wheel to scroll up or down in a document. Optical mouse uses
red light to track the movement of mouse for moving the
pointer on the computer screen. This type of mouse is more
accurate and reliable than the traditional mouse.
• Nowadays cordless mouse is very popular. it dose not have
wires. it either uses Bluetooth technology to sends the data
through the air to a receiver, usually plugged in USB port of
the computer.
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Joystick and Game-pad
Joystick and game-pad are also input devices which are also
input devices which are used to control the movement of object
on the screen. Just like mouse, these are also pointing devices.
Mostly they are used for playing games on the computer.
The joystick has a vertical stick with a track ball at its bottom.
While playing the games on the computer, the user needs to
move the objects quickly on the screen. With the movement of
this vertical stick the objects can be moved in all the directions
easily.
•A game-pad is a type of game controller held in two hands,
where the fingers (especially thumbs)are used to provide input
by pressing buttons on it. It is also known as Control Pad.
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LIGHT PEN
Pen based Point-and- Draw device.
It is also referred as electronic pen.
Light pen is used to select screen positions by
detecting the light coming from the points on the
CRT screen.
It is a pencil shaped device used to determine the
coordinates of a point on the screen where it is
activated such as pressing the button.
By reading the saved values the graphics
package can determine the coordinates of the
position seen by the light pen.
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It provides easy environment to point
CRT screen.
It provides easy environment to draw any
object on the screen.
ADVANTAGES OF LIGHT PEN:
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TOUCH PANEL
Touch panels are a sensitive surface that is used to
point directly.
It is also input pointing device.
This is human –computer interface device.
The panel can be touched by finger or any other object
like stylus .
A basic touch panel senses voltage drop when a user
touches the panel.
It allows the users to point at screen directly to move
the cursor around the screen, or to select icons.
Also used in Latest mobiles, ATMs, Monitors.
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Optical touch panels
Sonic panels or acoustical touch panels
Electrical touch panel
Types of Touch panels: Cont…
Applications of Touch Screen:
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IMAGES OF TOUCH SCREENS:
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DATA GLOVES:
 Data gloves are commonly used in virtual
reality environments where the user sees an
image of the data glove and can manipulate the
movements of the virtual environment using
the glove.
 It is constructed with a series of sensors that
detect hand and finger motions.
 Electromagnetic coupling between transmitting
antennas and receiving antennas is used to
provide information about the position and
orientation of the hand.
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TABLETS:
 A tablet PC is a wireless, portable personal
computer with a touch screen interface.
 The tablet form factor is typically smaller
than a notebook computer but larger than a
smart phone.
 There are various types of tablets are used
State Tablet ,Hybrid tablet etc.
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DIGITIZER
• It is an input device used for converting picture,
maps, and drawings into digital form for storage
in computers.
• It is used for drawing, painting, or interactively
selecting coordinate positions on an object.
• A digitizer consists of graphic tablet associated
with a stylus.
• A digitizing tablet is a flat surface that contains
hundreds of fine copper wires forming a grid.
• It is used to scan over a drawing or object and to
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IMAGES OF DIGITIZER:
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APPLICATIONS:
•Used in banks for scanning digital cards,
cheques, cash, etc.
•Used in business organizations.
•Used in education.
•Used in medical diagnosis to obtain an image
of an internal organ.

SOME DATA SCANNING DEVICES:
•Image Scanner
•Optical Character Recognition(OCR)
•Optical Mark Reader(OMR)
•Bar Code Reader(BCR)
•Magnetic Ink Character Recognition(MICR)

Scanner is an input device that helps to transferScanner is an input device that helps to transfer
printed text and graphics into the computer.printed text and graphics into the computer.
Once connect scanner to pc then data read byOnce connect scanner to pc then data read by
scanned is captured & automatically stored in thescanned is captured & automatically stored in the
pc as a graphics element.pc as a graphics element.
The stored data can be manipulated by adobeThe stored data can be manipulated by adobe
Photoshop or other graphics program.Photoshop or other graphics program.
Drawings, graphs, color and black-and-white
photos, or text can be stored for Computer by
passing an optical scanning mechanism.
The gradations of Gray scale or color are then
recorded and stored in an array.
IMAGEIMAGE
SCANNERSCANNER

Desktop(scan one page at a time)Desktop(scan one page at a time) Cont…Cont…

TYPES OF SCANNERS
• Scanner comes in the following sizes:-
Pens(scan a line at a time)
Hand-held or counter-mounted(scan barHand-held or counter-mounted(scan bar
codes or pictures)codes or pictures)
Cont…Cont…

Optical Character Recognition(OCR)
•It is an input scanning device that
converts images or printed documents
into digital images and transfers to a
computer.
•With the help of suitable OCR software
like FineReader ,Character of digital
image can be converted into text
characters and saved as text or
document file.
•OCR may be handheld OCR or Flatbed
OCR.

VOICE RECOGNITION DEVICES:
• Voice recognition system allows voice interaction with computers.
• It is allows a person to input data to a computer system by speaking to it.
• This system can be used to initiate graphics operations or to enter data.
• This system operates by matching an input against a pre-defined
dictionary of words and phrases.
• Currently voice recognition system have limited success, because correct
interpretation by a machine of the large number of words in the
vocabulary of a language is difficult.
• Example : Microphone or MIC

IMAGES OF VOICE RECOGNITION SYSTEM:

• Electronic cards are small plastic cards having encoded data
appropriate for the application for which they are used.
• Electronic card reader which normally connected to a computer is
used to read data encoded on an electronic card and transfer it to
the computer for further processing.
• It is used together as a means of direct data entry into a computer
system.
• Used by banks for use in ATM machines and by organizations for
controlling access of employees to physically secured areas.
• Example: Memory card reader, ATM card reader

IMAGES OF ELECTRONIC CARD BASED
DEVICES:

DIGITAL CAMERA:
• It is a type of camera that stores photographed
images electronically.
• A digital camera captures images through the
camera’s lens and stores them digitally.
• The quality of a digital camera is typically judged on
how many pixels(millions of pixels) can be captured
in an image.
• After image has been captured ,it is downloaded by
cable to the computer using software supplied with
the camera. Once image is stored in the computer
can be manipulated and processed according user
requirements.

WEB CAM:
• Web cam is like a video camera on home computers that allow the user
to see people at the same time they communicate on the internet.
• It can also use to create a movie and take digital photographs.
• It is also called PC camera.
• It specially used in Banks, Departmental Stores, and different
organizations for the security control.

Output Devices
•
The devices which are used to display the results or
information are called Output Devices. You can view the
output on the monitor or you can print it on a paper using a
printer. Monitor and the printer are the commonly used
output devices.
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• Monitor
• This is the most common output device connected with the
computer to display the processed information. It looks like a
TV and is also know as VDU(Visual Display Unit). Pictures are
displayed by using a large number of very small dots on screen
called pixels. The number of pixels that a monitor can show on
its screen is referred to as the resolution of the screen.
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• The two commonly used monitor types are:
• Cathode Ray Tube(CRT)Monitor
• Liquid crystal Display(LCD)Monitor
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CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
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CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT)
• CRT monitor work much like television screen.
• These types of Monitors are used with personal
computer.
• It displays the data and information received
form the computer memory.
• The CRT monitor used large vacuum tube so
called Cathode ray tube.
• The CRT monitors are relatively bigger in size
than other monitors and it is cheaper also.
• The CRT monitor also may be either
monochrome (only one color) or Color.
• Mostly used with non-portable computers.
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Disadvantages of CRT:
• It has wider viewing angle.
• It is cheaper and durable.
• It gives sharp and crisp image.
• It has adjustable resolution.
Advantages of CRT:
 It is bulky and heavy.
 It consumes high electricity power.
 The screen may flicker causing eyestrain.
 Takes more space.
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Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)
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Liquid Crystal Display(LCD)
• These are also called as Small System.
• It is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, video
display that uses the light modulating properties of
liquid crystals (LCs).
• They are non-emissive devices which produces a
picture by passing Polarized Light or Packets of Light
from a Source through a Liquid Crystal Material.
• They are used in a wide range of applications, including
computer monitors, television, instrument panels,
aircraft cockpit displays, signage, etc.
• They are common in consumer devices such as Laptop
Computers, video players, gaming devices, clocks,
watches, calculators, and telephones.
• They are usually more compact, lightweight, portable,
less expensive, more reliable, and easier on the eyes.
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Advantages of LCD:
oFlat Screen
oLightweight
oLess electricity power consumption.
oAvoids eye strain problem.
oTakes less space.
Disadvantages of LCD:
o Consists Smaller viewing angle.
o Images are less sharp.
o Resolution is normally set.
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LIGHT EMITTING DIODE(LED):
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This is also a Emissive Technology.
These are the devices which Converts the
Electrical Signals into Light.
LED displays use backlights designed with
an array of lights. The lights are evenly
arranged on the back of the panel or
positioned on the screen edges.
LED monitors are expensive at
approximately 20% more then LCD monitor.
It Contains a Matrix of diodes those are
arranged on the Screen as the Pixel Position.
LIGHT EMITTING
DIODE(LED):
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• It has long life.
• Avoids eye strain problem.
oFlat Screen
oLightweight
oLess electricity power consumption.
oIt has wider viewing angle.
Advantages of LED:
Disadvantages of LED:
 LED monitors are expensive than others.
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GAS PLASMA:
• Gas Plasma Display is a type of Flat display
screen.
• It is also named as a Flat –panel display.
• It is used in some portable computers and
widely used for large TV displays(typically
above 37-inch).
• It produces very sharp monochrome images.
• It works by sandwiching neon or xenon gas
between two plates. Each plate is coated with
a conductive print.
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•Images produced is colorful and bright.
•The scenes/images look natural.
•Larger viewing angle.
•Avoids eye strain and tired problem.
Advantages of Gas Plasma:
Disadvantages of Gas Plasma:
o Expensive
o High power consumption.
o Takes more place.
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• Flat-Panel Display Monitor
• The flat-panel display refers to a class of video devices that have
reduced volume, weight and power requirement in comparison to
the CRT. You can hang them on walls or wear them on your wrists.
Current uses of flat-panel displays include calculators, video games,
monitors, laptop computer, and graphics display.
• The flat-panel display is divided into two categories −
• Emissive Displays − Emissive displays are devices that convert
electrical energy into light. For example, plasma panel and LED
(Light-Emitting Diodes).
• Non-Emissive Displays − Non-emissive displays use optical effects to
convert sunlight or light from some other source into graphics
patterns. For example, LCD (Liquid-Crystal Device).
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• Printer
This is an important output device of the computer system. It
gives a printed output of the results that appears on the
monitor screen. Printed output is also called Hard Copy output
because unlike monitor, this output can be preserved even if
the computer is switched off.
• There are two types of printers −
• Impact Printers
• Non-Impact Printers
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IMPACT PRINTER
Impact printers uses pins like objects or hammers that strike on the
inked ribbon and characters are formed on a paper.
Impact printer physically strike the paper.
Impact printers are slow and noisy printers.
The quality of impact printer measured in Dots per inch (DPI).
More the DPI means the better the printing quality.
Types: Dot- Matrix printer, Daisy wheel printer and Line printer
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NON-IMPACT PRINTER:
• Non-impact printers do not strike on the paper by pins like object to form
characters or images on the paper.
• They are used laser beam technology or bubble jet technology.
• They do not produce noise while printing.
• The printing quality of non-impact printer is good.
• These are costly printers.
• These printers can print high quality of photos.
• Example: Laser printer , Ink-Jet printers etc.
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Difference between Impact Printer & Non-Impact Printer
SR. IMPACT PRINTER NON-IMPACT PRINTER
1. Text or image is formed in
contact of paper and the printer
head.
Text or image is formed without
any physical contact of the
paper and the printer head.
2. Produces noisy, slow and poor
quality output.
Produces noiseless, fast and
high quality output.
3. Cheaper and less operation
cost.
Expensive and more operation
cost.
4. It can only prints text but
cannot print graphics better.
It can print text as well as
graphics better.
5. Print quality is low
comparatively non-impact
printer.
Print quality is very high
comparatively impact printer.
6. Examples Dot matrix printer,
Drum printer, Daisy wheel
printer, Line printer.
Exampless Laser printer, Ink-Jet
printer, Thermal printer.
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• Character Printer
Character printer prints one character at a time; it prints at
the speed of around 30 to 600 characters per second.
Dot Matrix printer is an example of a character printer.
• These are further divided into two types:
• Dot Matrix Printer(DMP)
• Daisy Wheel
• Dot Matrix Printer
• In the market, one of the most popular printers is Dot Matrix
Printer. These printers are popular because of their ease of
printing and economical price. Each character printed is in the
form of pattern of dots and head consists of a Matrix of Pins
of size (5*7, 7*9, 9*7 or 9*9) which come out to form a
character which is why it is called Dot Matrix Printer.
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• Advantages
• Inexpensive
• Widely Used
• Other language characters can be printed
• Disadvantages
• Slow Speed
• Poor Quality
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• Daisy Wheel
• Head is lying on a wheel and pins corresponding to characters are
like petals of Daisy (flower) which is why it is called Daisy Wheel
Printer. These printers are generally used for word-processing in
offices that require a few letters to be sent here and there with very
nice quality.
• Advantages
• More reliable than DMP
• Better quality
• Fonts of character can be easily changed
• Disadvantages
• Slower than DMP
• Noisy
• More expensive than DMP
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• Line Printer
This is high speed printer that prints one line at a time. It is
used when large quantity of output is required as it produces
the quick output. Examples of a Line printer are Drum printer
and the Chain printer. The noise level of these printers is high
and speed ranges from 200 to 2000 LPM(Lines Per Minute).
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• These are of two types −
• Drum Printer
• Chain Printer
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• Drum Printer
• This printer is like a drum in shape hence it is called drum printer.
The surface of the drum is divided into a number of tracks. Total
tracks are equal to the size of the paper, i.e. for a paper width of
132 characters, drum will have 132 tracks. A character set is
embossed on the track. Different character sets available in the
market are 48 character set, 64 and 96 characters set. One rotation
of drum prints one line. Drum printers are fast in speed and can
print 300 to 2000 lines per minute.
• Advantages
• Very high speed
• Disadvantages
• Very expensive
• Characters fonts cannot be changed
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• Chain Printer
• In this printer, a chain of character sets is used, hence it is
called Chain Printer. A standard character set may have 48,
64, or 96 characters.
• Advantages
• Character fonts can easily be changed.
• Different languages can be used with the same printer.
• Disadvantages
• Noisy
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• Non-impact Printers
• Non-impact printers print the characters without using the
ribbon. These printers print a complete page at a time, thus
they are also called as Page Printers.
• These printers are of two types −
• Laser Printers
• Inkjet Printers
• Characteristics of Non-impact Printers
• Faster than impact printers
• They are not noisy
• High quality
• Supports many fonts and different character size
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LASER PRINTER
LEASER PRINTER is an electro photographic printer that uses
a laser beam to produce an image on a drum.
The resolution of laser printers range from 300 DPI to 1200
DPI.
It is very fast printer.
It produces very high quality and capable of printing any
shape, size of the texts or graphics.
It can print 6pages to 200 pages per minute.
A typical rate of 6 PPM is equivalent to about 40 character
per second(CPS)
Features of Laser printer:
1. High speed, precision and economy.
2. Cheap to maintain.
3. Quality printers.
4. Lasts for longer time.
5. Toner power is very cheap.
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• Advantages
• Very high speed
• Very high quality output
• Good graphics quality
• Supports many fonts and different character size
• Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Cannot be used to produce multiple copies of a document in a
single printing
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• Inkjet Printers
• Inkjet printers are non-impact character printers based on a
relatively new technology. They print characters by spraying small
drops of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers produce high quality output
with presentable features.
• They make less noise because no hammering is done and these have
many styles of printing modes available. Color printing is also
possible. Some models of Inkjet printers can produce multiple
copies of printing also.
• Advantages
• High quality printing
• More reliable
• Disadvantages
• Expensive as the cost per page is high
• Slow as compared to laser printer
COLLEGE

Features of inkjet printers:
1.They can print 6 to 12 pages/minutes.
2.Resolution is about 360d.p.i. Therefore better print
quality is achieved.
3. The operating cost is very low. The only part that
requires replacement is ink cartridge.
4. Four colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black are available.
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PLOTTER:
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PLOTTER A plotter is a computer printing device for printing vector graphics.
 In the past, plotters were widely used in applications such as
computer-aided designs, though they have generally been replaced
with wide-format conventional printers.
 And it is now common place to refer to such wide-format printers as
"plotters”.
 It is a special output device used to produce hardcopies of graphs
and designs on the paper.
 A plotter is typically used to print large-format graphs or maps such
as construction maps or engineering drawings.
Plotters are classified into following types:
• Drum Plotter
• Flatbed Plotter
• Inkjet Plotter
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• Drum Plotter
• A drum plotter is a pen plotter that wraps the paper around a
drum with a pin feed attachment. The drum then rotates the
paper as pens move across it and draw the image. It was the
first output device used to print graphics and large
engineering drawings. There are two types of drum plotters,
external and internal. With an external drum plotter, the
paper is wrapped around its external surface, while the
internal drum plotter uses a sheet of paper wrapped around
its internal surface.
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• Flat-Bed Plotter
• A flat-bed plotter is a mechanical drafting device used with
many CAD programs for designers. The paper remains
stationary on a flat surface while a pen moves across it
horizontally and vertically. This plotter may use several
different pen colors to create the graphics. The size of the
graphic is limited to the size of the flat-bed plotter's surface.
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• Inkjet Plotter
• The inkjet plotter creates an image by spraying small droplets
of ink on to paper. A popular choice for advertising agencies
and graphic designers, inkjet plotters are used generally for
large outputs, such as banners and billboards and large signs
often seen along roadsides. They are available in thermal or
piezoelectric models. Thermal inkjet plotters use heat to apply
droplets of ink, while piezoelectric plotters use charged
crystals to apply the ink. Inkjet plotters typically produce
better quality graphics than other plotter types.
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• Cutting Plotter
• The cutting plotter is a large scale cutting device that produces
ready-cut mylar or vinyl lettering and graphics. Automated
plotter knives cut into a sheet of the material lying on the
plotter's flat surface area, carving out the design stored in the
attached computer. Used for sign making, billboard
advertising and vehicle graphics, the devices offer far greater
speed and precision than can be achieved with the traditional
method of creating sign lettering and logos by hand.
COLLEGE

SN. SOFTCOPY OUTPUT DEVICES HARDCOPY OUTPUT DEVICES
1. Produced result through softcopy
output devices is temporary in nature.
Produced result through hardcopy output
devices is Permanent in nature.
2. It produces result on the monitor
screen or spoken out by the speaker.
Hard copy output devices produce result as
priented material.
3. The output produced through
softcopy output devices is not
priented on the paper.
The output produced through hardcopy
output devices is priented on the paper.
4. The output produced through
softcopy output devices can be
changed and modified easily.
The output produced through hardcopy
output devices can not be changed and
modified.
5. Softcopy output material can also be
saved into electronic medium like
hard disk, pendrive etc. for future use.
Hardcopy output material can not be saved
into electronic medium.
6. Softcopy output can be produced
through devices are faster than
hardcopy output.
Hard copy output can be produced through
devices are slower than softcopy output.
7. Monitor, Speaker, Multimedia Printer, Plotter etc. are examples.
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ASSIGNMENT WORK:
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ASSIGNMENT WORK:
• What is PC ? What is its necessity in our life?
• What are the impacts of computer in our society?
• What are the types of computer ? Explain in brief.
• What is computer system? Explain with neat sketch.
• What is computer memory ? Compare and contrast between Main
memory and Secondary memory.
• What are the roles of I/O devices? List out some Latestly available I/O
devices and explain in brief.
COLLEGE

Basic fundamental Computer input/output Accessories

Basic fundamental Computer input/output Accessories

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Basic fundamental Computer input/output Accessories