Artificial intelligence nanni

Artificial intelligence nanni

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  Transcript  1. ArtificialIntelligence Shannon Baker, Laura Paviglianiti, Tim Stuart, Harrison Baker  2. What is Artificial Intelligence?  3. The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it "the study and design of intelligent agents” No single goal of artificial intelligence Some say it’s putting the human mind into computers What is intelligence? The computational part of the ability to achieve goals in the world We do not yet fully understand what intelligence consists of  4. 1941:Development of the electronic computer o Some trace the origin to John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry at Iowa State University o 5. Required large, separate air-conditioned rooms o Required separate configuration of thousands of wires o Data fed into system By punched cards  6. First Commercial, Stored Program Computer Made job of entering a program easier computer scienceAdvancements in computer theory (and eventually to AI) Invention of a means of processing data makes AI possible  7. Dartmouth Conference John McCarthy (“father of AI”) organizes conference A month of brainstorming in VT Talent and expertise of others interested in machine intelligence Biggest gain: field now called Artificial Intelligence  8. LISP Language Developed McCarthy announces new development: LISP language Still used today LISt Processing – language of choice
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  among AI developers  9.Start of DoD’sAdvanced Research Projects MIT receives 2.2 million dollar grant from US govt. to research Machine-Aided Cognition (AI) From Department of Defense US wants to stay ahead of Soviet Union  10. MicroworldProgram, SHRDLU Created SHRDLU part of microworlds project – research & programming in small worlds When confined to small subject matter, computer programs can solve spatial & logic problems  11. First Expert System Predict the probability of a solution under set conditions Potential to interpret statistics, formulate rules Over course of 10 years, can forecast stock market, aid doctors in diagnosis, show miners promising mineral locations Large applications in market place Conditional rules & storage of information  12. PROLOG Language Revealed General logic programming language Represented as facts and rules Developed in France Remains one of most popular programming languages today  13. AI-Based Hardware Sells $425 Million to Companies Expert systems in particular demand DuPont, General Motors, Boeing rely heavily on expert systems Companies develop that specialize in creating software that aids in producing expert systems  14. AI Military Systems UsedEffectively in DESERT STORM Used in missile systems, heads-up-displays, etc. AI truly put to the test  15. AI System Beats HumanChessmaster AI goes home Public interest growing AI system placed against a human chessmaster to see who would win AI wins – shows skills & abilities  16. Applications of AI Military “Smart bombs”
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  Guided by remotecontrol camera systems directed to the intended target Unmanned drone aircraft Missiles fly military missions and launch weapons from a distance Decoding of enemy secretcodes Rapid translation of foreignlanguage  17. Applications of AI Science Developmentof new drugs Model clinical studies in animals and humans Remote controlled surgical procedures Uses robotics and computer-based opticalsystems Can be performed half-way around the world Advanced weather modeling DopplerRadar Looks at trends and past models to predictweather patterns  18. Applications of AI Industrial Machine vision inspectionsystems Cameras and computers are placed on assemblylines to find defects Robotic systems Use computerautomation and mechanical equipment Take place of humans in manufacturing of cars  19. Applications of AI Business Macros Computermimics the programmer'sactions Advanced financial systems Quickly analyze trends Allows for rapid investment decisions Consumer Personal computers Computerapplications for Apple & IMB Voice and character recognition Entertainment Games, such as chess,where over 120 million moves can be recognized  20. Future of AI The future is really unknown Researchers seem to disagree on a lot of the same issues
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  With the rateat which technologyis improving it is logical to believe AI will continue to get more and more sophisticated  21. AI in Video Games Over the years AI is getting exponentially more sophisticated Now AI’s are able to react with an “intelligence” that simulates the computeras a human AI’s are able to respond to voice commands  22. Chess & AI Theory: if they can create a computer that can outsmart humans in this obviously strategic, thinking-based game, then it would be a major milestone on the road to the intelligent computer  23. Ethical Questions? -Will there come a point when computers becometoo intelligent? -Should robots have the same legal rights as humans? -How would we get around the question of ownership? -To what extent should we trust (be able to predictthe behavior of) such a species? -What responsibilities do we owe such robots? -Would it be wrong to deliberatelyinstall mechanisms that gave humans an immediate physical advantage e.g. an off switch? -Should we allow a self-governing robotsociety to co-exist with ours?  24. Works Cited ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Transcript  1. Artificial intelligence Done by : TafoolAtsloom  2. Outline: History Definition Motivation Limitations Technology Advantages Applications Comparisons betweenhuman and computerintelligence Artificial intelligence and Learning Programming languages used to develop AI  3. History "machines will be capable,within 20 years, of doing any work a man can do."Two years later, MIT researcher Marvin Minsky predicted,"Within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved." (artificial intelligence innovator Herbert Simon.1965)  4. Definition
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  o Artificial intelligence( AI ) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it o Artificial intelligence ( AI ) is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create it  5. Comparisons betweenhuman and computerintelligence Normal humans have the same intellectual mechanisms and that differences in intelligence are related to ``quantitative biochemicaland physiologicalconditions' , but computer programs have plenty of speed and memory but their abilities correspond to the intellectual mechanisms that program designers understand well enough to put in programs . Wheneverpeople do better than computers on some task or computers use a lot of computation to do as well as people, this demonstrates that the program designers lack understanding of the intellectual mechanisms required to do the task efficiently.  6. Motivation o Why Artificial Intelligence? o Computers are fundamentally well suited to performing mechanical computations, using fixed programmed rules. o Artificial machines perform simple monotonous tasks efficiently and reliably, which humans are ill-suited to. o For more complex problems, things get more difficult... Unlike humans, computers have trouble understanding specific situations, and adapting to new situations. o Artificial Intelligence aims to improve machine behavior in tackling such complex tasks.  7. o Humans have an interesting approachto problem-solving, based on abstract thought, high-level deliberative reasoning and pattern recognition. o AI research is allowing us to understand our intelligent behavior. o Artificial Intelligence can help us understand this process by recreating it, then potentially enabling us to enhance it beyond our current capabilities. Cont, Motivation  8. Limitations o When will Computers becometruly intelligent? o o T o date, all the traits of human intelligence have not been captured and applied together to spawn an intelligent artificial creature.
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  o Currently, ArtificialIntelligence rather seems to focus on lucrative domain specific applications, which do not necessarily require the full extent of AI capabilities. o o T here is little doubtamong the community that artificial machines will be capable of intelligent thought in the near future.  9. Technology o How does Artificial Intelligence work? o There are many different approaches to Artificial Intelligence. Some are obviously more suited than others in some cases. o Over the past five decades, AI research has mostly been focusing on solving specific problems. Numerous solutions have been devised and improved to do so efficiently and reliably. o This explains why the field of Artificial Intelligence is split into many branches, ranging from Pattern Recognition to Artificial Life, including Evolutionary Computation and Planning.  10. Advantage o it can help improve our way of life o machines will be able to do jobs that require detailed instructions o mental alertness and decision making capabilities o use robots for heavy construction, military benefits, or even for personal assistance at private homes o there will be less injuries and stress to human beings o Many of our health problems now have possible solutions with the use of Artificial Intelligence in studies at universities  11. o scientists have been using AI to test theories and notions about how our brains work o AI opens up new and exciting avenues for entertainment possibilities. o AI also makes interactive electronic games more fun by making the computer controlled characters more realistic and human - like . o Cont, Advantage  12. Applications o game playing o There is some AI in them and they play well against people o o speechrecognition o instruct some computers using speech o understanding natural language
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  o The computerhas to be provided with a understanding of the domain the text is about, and this is presently possible only for very limited domains. o  13. cont, Applications o expert systems o o One of the first expert systems was MYCIN in 1974, which diagnosed bacterial infections of the blood and suggested treatments . It did better than medical students or practicing doctors, provided its limitations were observed . The usefulness of current expert systems depends on their users having common sense o Modeling Human Performance o Planning & Robotics o Languages & Environments for AI o Machine Learning o AI & Philosophy  14. - Lisp - Python - Prolog - Java - C ++ programming languages used to develop AI  15. Using Artificial intelligence ( AI ) help instructional designers to provide creative solutions , problem solving strategies and more interactivity in the learning . For example , Games : The games provide interactive learning environment for learners . The intelligence is necessary in computergames when players are competing against other characters which are played by the computer . Most people enjoy playing against other people rather than a machine because other people can provide variable, random and sometimesunpredictable responsesand behaviors, whereas simply programmed machines will always respond the same way, in predictable ways that mean a player only has to rememberthe few basic responsespossible,and respond to them in order to complete the level Artificial intelligence and Learning  16.