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Michael King, profile picture
Uploaded byMichael King
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Actionable Data-Driven Personas for CRO

The document discusses various methods for segmenting audiences and developing personas, including: - Using demographic and behavioral data from tools like Nielsen and Experian to identify segments - Interviewing and surveying users to understand their needs and behaviors - Analyzing site usage data and user profiles to learn how different user types engage - Developing archetypal user personas with names, profiles, and quotes to represent segments The key goal is to understand the different types of users in order to create targeted messaging and content that meets their distinct needs.

Related topics:
Content Marketing•
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1 FOUNDER & DIGITAL MARKETING CONSULTANT IPULLRANK
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3 Measurement has come a long way, but there are still some people skeptical of the value of audience segmentation.
4 There are a lot of complaints in the internet marketing echo chamber about personas not being a valuable fact in lieu of “real data.”
5 Users delete their cookies on a regular basis. AdBlock prevents tracking entirely for analytics tools that are not whitelisted There’s also a small percentage of weirdos that don’t enable JavaScript.
- ME “
8 You could have avoided this waste of time with a little bit of research up front.
- ME “
@iPullRank It’s an axiom, that different user types visit your site at different rates. In optimization you need to account for that.
@iPullRank Another axiom. Different user types convert at different rates. Your messaging strategy must account for that as well.
@iPullRank
- ME “
15 MORE QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS ASSUMING THINGS AND WHITEBOARDING
16 There are a number of ways to effectively measure your personas.
@iPullRank If your site has user profiles, users can self- segment based on the data you request. You can tag landing pages based on the audience targeting options of your ad. You can append data from sources like FullContact and Towerdata Intelligence.
@iPullRank Applications of the Data Store The Data Store
@iPullRank On the back end, Google Analytics allows you to measure affinity segments. On the frontend, Google allows you to target different audiences with affinity semgents.
20 Based on a sequence of behaviors you might segment your users Leverage affinity segments to determine your personas Sugar plum gummi bears. Apple pie yummy cake with candy
21 There are a number of ways to segment your audience
@iPullRank In Oli’s talk from last year, he defined a user’s “Context Bucket” as their desires, expectations and data that represent what a user wants when they land on your site.
@iPullRank I counter that personas and context buckets are one and the same thing. Personas are a long form version of what he’s describing with context buckets. This tells us why the available audience is interested. This tells us the specific needs that must be met.
@iPullRank Oli’s framework aligns with persona and user journey modeling in helping to understand context, communicate with your audience clearly, making sure your message is congruent with their needs and that you speak in a way that they believe is credible.
@iPullRank Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers who have common needs and priorities, and then designing and implementing strategies to target them. Market segmentation strategies may be used to identify the target customers, and provide supporting data for positioning to achieve a marketing plan objective.
@iPullRank A segment is a representation of your users or audience based on the combination of two or more factors or data points.
@iPullRank This is an example of the same types of users measured based on specific identifiable data points.
@iPullRank Cohorts are segments of people that are tied together by similar experience. Colloquially we refer to these as generations. A common cohort that you hear about is marketing as in “Facebook is losing the Millenials to other services like Instagram”
@iPullRank In terms of analytics, cohorts are defined by users that visited in the same timespan. For example, everyone here is in the NYC Conversion Road Trip cohort.
@iPullRank Personas are archetypal representations of actual people in your target audience. Depending on whose model you follow they typically include a user story, user needs, engagement insights. They are often given alliterated names and have a quote that personifies them quickly.
- ME “
@iPullRank There are variety of persona types, but the most important distinction to make in the marketing context is the distinction between those that are actively looking to buy your product (buyer personas) and those that are just interested in consuming your content (audience personas). There is often overlap between the two, but they should be treated differently.
@iPullRank Keywords while the best proxy for intent were just a type of abstraction for a need a user is looking to fulfill. As marketers we’ve focused on the need rather than the user. Personas are also an abstraction, but they put more focus on users. Metaphorically speaking a keyword is a stick figure while a persona is an action figure meaning a persona is a more robust representation of a user and their intent.
34 The different methodologies for performing market segmentation and ultimately building personas.
@iPullRank
36 There are a lot of complaints in the internet marketing echo chamber about personas not being a valuable fact in lieu of “real data.”
@iPullRank When performing an affinity mapping session you want to do 3 distinct rounds of sharing and discussion. Each round has a different color post-it. Give the team 20 minutes to jot down their thoughts for each round then go around the room discussing each post-it until there’s a consensus of what goes on the board. Discuss groupings helps segments to form.
@iPullRank It is highly effective to do the affinity mapping session with stakeholders over Google+ Hangouts with a tool called http://mural.ly. Mural.ly is described as “Google Docs for Visual People.” It allows for collaboration and even has a template specifically for affinity mapping.
@iPullRank Asking open ended questions using an online survey tool will allow you to get a sense of the trending issues on the mind of you target demographic. The downside is that data is very difficult to analyze at scale and often comes down to just using word clouds of responses.
@iPullRank Ethnographic research is an iterative process of observing users or audiences in their natural environments and distilling conclusions from those observations. This has been brought into the online realm and nicknamed “netnographic research.”
41 Focus groups involve sit downs with actual or potential consumers of the either your product, service, or content. These are typically run by a moderator, but be warned that moderators or highly opinionated respondents may coerce the opinion of the group. (Mad Men Sidebar: Faye Miller is Don Draper’s best girlfriend).
@iPullRank User interviews are just like focus groups, but just focusing on one user at a time. You can do this to see how users are interacting with your product or content. You can leverage Google+ Hangouts for this or use a tool like http://www.luckyorange.com or http://www.usertesting.com to watch a user’s session after the fact to see where they are getting hung up.
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@iPullRank Nielsen’s Market Segmentation Profiles Experian’s Market Segmentation Profiles
@iPullRank At my previous agency I built a methodology of layering data from the market segmentation tools and validating those data points with the Social advertising inventories to collect the demographic and psychographic data points and then build the user stories, key characteristics and engagement insights.
@iPullRank Layering data entailed seeking out commonalities in multiple datasets. If there were commonalities across the datasets then we assumed that a data point from one was valid to the other and we could use both to build our personas.
@iPullRank While Experian Simmons is quite an expensive tool that is out of reach for many there are free Mosaic Interactive Guides for the US, Germany, Australia, France, Brazil, Scotland, and Spain. I’ll get you started with the US guide http://guides.business- strategies.co.uk/mosaicusa2011/html/visualisation.htm
@iPullRank Once you know what questions you need answered you can increase the sample size and get more definitive insights across a wider group of your audience. SurveyMonkey Audience is also great for this. They have great resources on survey design: http://help.surveymonkey.com/articles/en_US/kb/Design-Tips-How-to-create-and-administer-effective-surveys
@iPullRank Your analytics is the most relevant data source to you and you may have a lot of information specifically about user needs if you have internal search activated. You also have a lot of information on the rest of their behaviors especially if you are already doing any cohort analysis.
@iPullRank User profiles are a great way to truly understand precisely what your users are here for. You can fire custom variables into Google Analytics when these users login to then create advanced segments which allow you to see what actions different customer types are taking. _gaq.push([‘_setCustomVar',1,'user Segment',userSegmentName ,1]);
@iPullRank Speaking of user profiles, they are great for scraping to get insights. I scraped Moz’s active user base last year and did some in-depth analysis. http://moz.com/blog/what-i-learned-from-scraping-seomozs-active-user-base If you have your own user profiles you can do the same with a few database queries.
@iPullRank Ethnographic research is an iterative process of observing users or audiences in their natural environments and distilling conclusions from those observations. This has been brought into the online realm and nicknamed “netnographic research.”
@iPullRank Google’s Consumer Barometer provides data on buying habits around specific product types and what devices they use to buy them. http://consumerbarometer.com
@iPullRank All of these internal and external data sources begin to give you a very clear hypothesis of who these users are. Now the only thing left to do is making sense of the data points in context of your business and its goals.
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@iPullRank One of Moz's key business goals is to increase the number of SMBs that signup for free services that become monthly subscribers. Therefore the goal of this persona exercise will be to discover a key segment of Moz's audience that is very likely to share and link to content, but hasn't purchased a Moz Analytics pro membership yet
@iPullRank Identifying the demographics allows to figure out where does the persona fall. Based on this data it’s equally valid to have a segment that is 25-34 and female desktop user as it is to have one that 55-64 and male mobile user. The percentages give the likelihood that that person is part of your audience.
@iPullRank I’ve used a combination of Moz’s Q&A, Twitter’s advanced search and data that I scraped from Moz’s user profiles to uncover user needs. I’ve done it this way because these data sources are available for this site. Another site would require other methods.
@iPullRank Facebook Graph Search, Twtrland, and Twitter Advanced Search all allow me to look precisely at the people that are interested in Moz based and review their demographics to then examine their psychographics based on the other features of your profile.
@iPullRank This research process yielded a persona that called Mozzy Smurf that is always on the run trying to live the 4-Hour week lifestyle. He’s an avid traveler, lover of Moz’s content, but he expects more out of the product. Mozzy Smurf would become a subscriber if their were different pricing options, an iPhone app, multi-seat accounts and more premium content. The User Needs or Context Bucket
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62 Segment your data as you see fitRun it through social media toolsExport your mailing list
@iPullRank
@iPullRank Use FullContact’s Person API to append data to the mailing list http://www.fullcontact.com
@iPullRank This is an example of a mailing list with data appended to it.
@iPullRank Upload your Twitter list for analysis. http://www.demographicspro.com
@iPullRank DemographicsPro generates A 20+ page report on your twitter list
@iPullRank https://www.facebook.com/ads/audience_insights/
@iPullRank With 1.2 billion people on Facebook, it’s a damn good research panel.
@iPullRank Audience insights lets you segment on demographics & psychographics
@iPullRank Facebook’s tool connects to Acxiom’s data for more context
@iPullRank http://media.cmgdigital.com/shared/news/documents/2014/02/03/see_p_240_PersonicX_Binder.pdf
@iPullRank
@iPullRank
- ME “
76 What are the series of needs that users go through when looking for your product or service?
@iPullRank Ideally the random user buys something. Random User is looking for something Random user lands on your site to try and make a decision
@iPullRank A series of stages or needs that users go through when they are looking to consume your product or service.
@iPullRank User journeys are built by an iterative ethnographic research process
@iPullRank You can use any journey model that you’d like
@iPullRank Different content types serves different needs for different stages and should be measured as such.
82 Marketers are still learning how to align content with the journey.
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@iPullRank Read this: http://ipullrank.com/how-to-measure-the-user-journey-with-content-groupings-wordpress-gtm/
@iPullRank Read this: http://bigdoor.com/blog/2013/11/01/a-quick-guide-to-customer-journey-mapping/
@iPullRank Keyword research and social listening will directly support this
@iPullRank A journey can be as granular as you want it to be, but keeping it basic is best because you’ll have to map and manage content for each phase. Specifically what content goes with which phase?
@iPullRank Here’s the output of the data that we collect and turn into a journey
@iPullRank User desires travel, but doesn’t quite know where to go. User is looking to book a complete itinerary User is planning out everything they need to do for the trip. User is traveling from their home to their custom itinerary trip. User has arrived at the destination. User is enjoying their trip. User is heading home. User has had an issue during their trip. User wants to share their trip with friends and family. EXPLORE BOOK PREPARE TRAVEL ARRIVE STAY DEPART PROBLEM REPORT How do I find a place to go? How do I find all the features of the trip I want and book it? What do I need to get ready for this trip? How to do I get to the airport? What if my flight is canceled? What do I do once I land? How to find the things in my itinerary? How do I get back to the airport? Can I take this stuff home? How do I get help when I’m on a trip? Where’s the best place to share my experience online? Trip.Me had no content for any of these phases in the user journey
@iPullRank
91 Content Audits help with the development of hypotheses for conversion testing.
92 We’ll take a look at this from the conversion context, although we typically look at this more comprehensively.
@iPullRank
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@iPullRank PAGE VALUE READABILITY SCORE TWEETS CONVERSIONS SENTENCE COUNT LIKES CONVERSION RATE # IMAGES CONTENT FORMAT TRAFFIC BOUNCE RATE PINS ORGANIC SEARCH TRAFFIC WORD COUNT TIME ON SITE SOCIAL MEDIA TRAFFIC READING TIME # VIDEOS
@iPullRank SECTION CATEGORY WHAT IS IT? REDUNDANCY TIMELINESS VOICE AND TONE ADHERENCE QUALITY ACTIONABILITY LINKWORTHINESS SHAREWORTHINESS CONVERSION NOTES SUGGESTIONS TARGET PERSONA NEED STATE
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@iPullRank Whose context bucket does this match? “