Chapter 1
Introduction to
Engineering Drawing
TOPICS
Graphics language
Engineering drawing
Drawing standards
Traditional Drawing Tools
GRAPHICS
LANGUAGE
Effectiveness of Graphics Language
1. Try to write a description of
this object.
2. Test your written description
by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.
You can easily understand that …
The word languages are inadequate for describing the
size,
size shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Composition of Graphic Language
Graphic language in “engineering application” use
lines to represent the surfaces,
surfaces edges and contours
of objects.
The language is known as “drawing”
drawing or “drafting”
drafting .
A drawing can be done using freehand,
freehand instruments
or computer methods.
Freehand drawing
The lines are sketched without using instruments other
than pencils and erasers.
Example
Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles, and
curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the drawings are
usually made to scale.
Example
Computer drawing
The drawings are usually made by commercial software
such as AutoCAD, solid works etc.
Example
Engineering
Drawing
Elements of Engineering Drawing
Engineering drawing are made up of graphics language
and word language.
language
Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).
Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
Basic Knowledge for Drafting
Graphics Word
language language
Line Projection Geometric
types method construction Lettering
Drawing Standard
Introduction
Standards are set of rules that govern how technical
drawings are represented.
Drawing standards are used so that drawings convey
the same meaning to everyone who reads them.
Standard Code
Country Code Full name
Thailand มอก.
สำนักงานมาตรฐานผลิตภัณฑ์อุตสา
USA ANSI American National Standard Institute
Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BS British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung
ISO International Standards Organization
Partial List of Drawing Standards
Code number Contents
JIS Z 8311 Sizes and Format of Drawings
JIS Z 8312 Line Conventions
JIS Z 8313 Lettering
JIS Z 8314 Scales
JIS Z 8315 Projection methods
JIS Z 8316 Presentation of Views and Sections
JIS Z 8317 Dimensioning
Drawing Sheet
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2
A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
Orientation of drawing sheet
1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)
c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c
Sheet size c (min) d (min)
A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
DRN. BY DEPA.
ID NO DATE
CHD. BY SEC. DR. NO
TITLE Title or Full Name of the Drawing
Angle of Projection
SCALE 1:1 ALL DIEMENSION ARE IN mm
Drawing Scales
Length, size
Scale is the ratio of the linear dimension of an element
of an object shown in the drawing to the real linear
dimension of the same element of the object.
Size in drawing Actual size
:
Drawing Scales
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE”
followed by the indication of its ratio, as follow
SCALE 1:1 for full size
SCALE X:1 for enlargement scales (X > 1)
SCALE 1:X for reduction scales (X > 1)
Dimension numbers shown in the drawing are correspond
to “true size” of the object and they are independent of
the scale used in creating that drawing.
Basic Line Types
Name according
Types of Lines Appearance
to application
Continuous thick line Visible line
Continuous thin line Dimension line
Extension line
Leader line
Dash thick line Hidden line
Chain thin line Center line
NOTE : We will learn other types of line in later chapters.
Meaning of Lines
Visible lines represent features that can be seen in the
current view
Hidden lines represent features that can not be seen in
the current view
Center line represents symmetry, path of motion, centers
of circles, axis of axisymmetrical parts
Dimension and Extension lines indicate the sizes and
location of features on a drawing
Example : Line conventions in engineering drawing
Traditional
Drawing Tools
DRAWING TOOLS
DRAWING TOOLS
1. T-Square 2. Triangles
DRAWING TOOLS
2H or HB for thick line
4H for thin line
3. Adhesive Tape 4. Pencils
DRAWING TOOLS
5. Sandpaper 6. Compass
DRAWING TOOLS
7. Pencil Eraser 8. Erasing Shield
DRAWING TOOLS
9. Circle Template 10. Tissue paper
DRAWING TOOLS
11. Sharpener 12. Clean paper