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Chapter3 Statistical Process Control

Chapter 3 discusses Statistical Process Control (SPC), which monitors production processes to ensure quality by identifying variations and using control charts. It emphasizes the importance of SPC in quality management, including its role in Total Quality Management (TQM) and its application in various services. The chapter also covers control chart types, formulas, and patterns indicating nonrandom behavior, as well as sample size and process capability measures.

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11 views12 pages

Chapter3 Statistical Process Control

Chapter 3 discusses Statistical Process Control (SPC), which monitors production processes to ensure quality by identifying variations and using control charts. It emphasizes the importance of SPC in quality management, including its role in Total Quality Management (TQM) and its application in various services. The chapter also covers control chart types, formulas, and patterns indicating nonrandom behavior, as well as sample size and process capability measures.

Uploaded by

aragtesfa123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 3: Statistical Process

Control (SPC)
• SPC monitors production processes to detect
and prevent poor quality.
• • Sample: subset of items used for inspection
• • Control Chart: shows process control limits
• • Variations:
• - Random: natural causes
• - Non-Random: special causes
SPC in Quality Management
• • SPC helps identify problems for continuous
improvement.
• • Supports Total Quality Management (TQM).
Quality Measures
• • Attributes: discrete response (good/bad)
• • Variables: continuous measurable
characteristics (length, weight)
SPC in Services
• • Defects: failure to meet customer
requirements.
• • Measures: time, customer satisfaction.
• • Examples:
• - Hospitals: timeliness
• - Airlines: delays
• - Restaurants: order accuracy
Where to Use Control Charts
• Use SPC when:
• • Process tends to go out of control
• • Before costly or irreversible steps
• • Before final delivery
Control Charts Overview
• • Display upper (UCL) and lower (LCL) control
limits
• • Types:
• - Attributes: p-chart, c-chart
• - Variables: x̄ -chart, R-chart
p-Chart and c-Chart Formulas
• p-Chart:
• UCL = p + zσp, LCL = p - zσp
• σp = sqrt[p(1-p)/n]

• c-Chart:
• UCL = c + zσc, LCL = c - zσc
• σc = sqrt(c)
Variable Control Charts
• x̄ -Chart (Mean): UCL = x̄ + A2R, LCL = x̄ - A2R
• R-Chart (Range): UCL = D4R, LCL = D3R
Using x̄ and R-Charts Together
• • Both average and variability must be in
control.
• • Narrow ranges but out-of-limit averages →
mean issues.
• • Large ranges but stable averages →
variability issues.
Control Chart Patterns
• Nonrandom behavior indicators:
• • 8 consecutive points on one side
• • 8 points up/down trend
• • 14 alternating points
• • 2 of 3 in Zone A or 4 of 5 in Zone A/B
Sample Size and Process Capability
• • Attribute charts: 50–100 samples
• • Variable charts: 2–10 samples

• Process Capability:
• Cp = (USL - LSL) / 6σ
• Cpk = min[(x̄ - LSL)/3σ, (USL - x̄ )/3σ]
Summary
• SPC distinguishes between natural and special
variations,
• uses control charts to maintain control limits,
• and evaluates process capability for consistent
performance.

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