INTRODUCTION

TO COMPUTING
AND
PROGRAMMING
Programming
II
COMPONENTS
COMPUTER
OF
SYSTEMS
 HARDWARE
Computer hardware refers to the physical,
tangible components that make up a
computer system. These components are
responsible for executing tasks,
processing data, and interacting with
software.

ex. GPU, CPU, RAM, ROM, PSU, NICs,

Input/Output Devices, Cooling System etc.

These hardware components work

together to enable the computer to
function and perform a wide range of tasks.
Input
Keyboar
d Mouse

Processing
CPU (Central Processing
Unit) Motherboard
RAM (Memory)

Output
Monito
r
Printer

Storage
HDD (Hard Disk
Drive) SSD (Solid
State Drive)
SOFTWAR
E Computer software refers to the collection of
programs, data, and instructions that tell a computer
how to perform specific tasks. Unlike hardware,
which comprises the physical components of a
computer system, software is intangible and is used
to manage and facilitate the functionality of the
hardware.

Software allows users to perform tasks such as

creating documents, browsing the internet, playing
games, managing files, and running complex
simulations. It acts as an intermediary between
the user and the computer hardware, enabling the
execution of specifi c tasks and operations.
Operating System
The primary software that manages computer hardware and
software resources. It provides a user interface and
manages tasks such as memory allocation, process
scheduling, and input/output operations.
Examples: Windows, macOS, Linux.

Firmware
Low-level software programmed into the read-only memory
(ROM) of a hardware device. It provides essential control
functions and is often used to initialize and manage hardware
components.
Examples: BIOS (Basic Input/Output System), firmware in
routers.

Application
Software programs designed to perform specifi c tasks for
the user, such as word processing, web browsing, or gaming.
Examples: Microsoft Word, Google Chrome, Adobe Photoshop.

Utilities
System software designed to help analyze, configure,
optimize, and maintain the computer. They perform
specifi c tasks related to managing system resources and
 Programmi
ng
I s the process of designing and

DEVELOPME writing
computer can instructions
These
instructions,
written in
thatspecifi
follow to perform
known as code, are
a c tasks.

programming languages,

NT which provide applications,

creating software
systems. for
the syntax andorsemantics
scripts,
Web
Development

The process of creating websites

and web applications for the
internet.
It involves both front-end
development and back-end
development.

Technologies: HTML, CSS,

AppJavaScript.
Development

creating software applications that

run on various devices, such as
computers, smartphones, and
tablets. It includes developing
user interfaces, functionality, and
integrating with other systems.

Technologies: Swift for iOS, Kotlin

for Android, Java, C#.
 Mobile
Development

The of specifical
creation applications ly such
designed mobile as
for
developing devices,
native appsand includes
or cross-platform
apps.
smartphones tablets.
It
Technologies: Swift for iOS, Kotlin
for Android, Flutter,
React Native.

Back-End Development

The server-side development that

focuses on databases, server logic,
and application integration. It handles
data storage, retrieval, and processing.

Technologies: Python, Java, Ruby, PHP,

SQL, [Link].
AP Data
I Science

A set of rules and protocols for An interdisciplinary field that uses

building and with software applications.
interacting scientific
methods, processes, algorithms, and
APIs allow different software systems to extract knowledge and
systems to communicate with each insights from structured and
other. unstructured data.
Examples: RESTful APIs, GraphQL, Technologies: Python, R,
SOAP. SQL.

Embedded System

A dedicated computer system

designed to perform specifi c tasks
within a larger system. It is embedded
as part of a complete device and often
has real-time computing constraints.

Examples: Microcontrollers in
appliances, automotive
control systems, IoT devices.
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

C C+ C#
+
General-purpose, Extension of C, adding Modern, object-
procedural object-oriented oriented programming
programming features to enable language designed for
language primarily better program building a wide range
used for system structure and code of applications that
programming, such as reuse. run on the .NET
operating systems Used in game framework. Primarily
and embedded development, real- used for developing
systems. time simulations, Windows applications,
and large- scale web services, and
applications. enterprise software.
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Jav JavaScri
a p
General-purpose Initially designed as a client-
programming language side scripting language for
designed to be platform- web browsers to enhance
independent, with a strong web pages with dynamic
emphasis on security and behavior. Besides front-end
robustness. Popular for web development, used in
building enterprise-scale server-side development
applications, Android apps, ([Link]), building mobile
server-side applications applications (React Native),
and desktop applications
(Electron).
 PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

PH Pytho Rub
P n y
Originally designed as a General-purpose General-purpose
server- side scripting programming programming
language for web language emphasizing language designed for
development to create readability and productivity and
dynamic web pages and simplicity, with a simplicity, focusing on
web applications. versatile range of rapid development
Allows embedding PHP applications. Used for and developer-friendly
code directly into HTML web development, syntax..
pages. Widely used in web scientific computing,
development, particularly in data analysis, artificial
content management intelligence,
THANK
YOU