GOOD DAY!

Welcome to
My Class !
GUESS THE
STRUCTURE
Mechanics :
• Students will be grouped in 2 groups
• A short paragraph will be flashed on the screen.
• Each group will race in answering each paragraph
by
shouting DARNA!
• The first group to finish the action will have the
chance to
answer the question.
• Correct answers will be given 5 points.
The bahay kubo is a traditional Filipino house
made of Bamboo and nipa leaves. It is designed
to stay cool during hot weather and is
commonly found in rural areas.

SPACIAL / DESCRIPTION
Online learning allows students to study at
home, while face-to-face classes require
physical attendance in school. However, both
modes aim to deliver quality education.

COMPARE AND CONTRAST

First, gather all the needed materials for the
experiment. Next, follow the procedure carefully
before recording your observations.

SEQUENCE
The community faced frequent flooding due to
improper waste disposal. To address this
problem, the local government launched a
waste segregation campaign .

PROBLEM -SOLUTION
 UNLOCKING INFORMATIIONS
TROUGH

TEXT
STRUCTURE
 LESSON
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this topic, the students should be able to:

• Identify and differentiate between common informational text

structures (description, sequence, cause-and-effect, compare-
contrast, problem-solution).
• Effectively use graphic organizers to map and organize
information gleaned from text with various structures.
• Appreciate the importance of text structure in efficiently
obtaining necessary information in real-world contexts.
WHAT IS A
STRUCTURE?
 WHAT IS A STRUCTURE?
Text structure refers to how an
author organizes information in
writing, acting as a skeleton for
the text to make ideas clear and
logical to the reader.
 WHAT IS A STRUCTURE?
• Text structure is the way
information is organized in a text
• Authors use structure to present
ideas clearly
• Understanding structure helps
readers comprehend texts better
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF
STRUCTURE?
• Helps identify main ideas and supporting
details
• Makes reading faster and more effective
• Improves academic and professional
communication
HOW DO YOU GLEAN
INFORMATION
THROUGH TEXT
STRUCTURE
 GLEANING INFORMATION
THROUGH TEXT STRUCTURE
• To glean the information of the text structure is to
organize the information and the details they are
learning in their minds while reading.
• This strategy helps student understand that a
text might present a main idea and details, the
cause and effects and /or different views of a
topic.
COMMON TYPES OF TEXT
STRUCTURE
• Spatial or Description
• Cause and Effect
• Comparison and Contrast
• Chronological Order
• Problem-Solution
 SPATIAL OR DESCRIPTION
• Spatial or description gives the reader a detailed
feature that creates a picture on his/her mind
about the topic.
• Spatial organization can also be called as
descriptive writing. If you are about to describe
how something looks, you are describing it
spatially.
• It can also be used in fiction and non-fiction Even
if narration style of writing is usually arranged
chronologically. If the author is describing a
setting of a certain scene, the author is
describing it spatially.
SPATIAL OR DESCRIPTION
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
• Cause and Effect is one way organizing information in a text.
explain reasons why something happened. It can be ordered as
cause and effect or vice versa.
• CAUSE -Presents the relationship between specific events, ideas
or Concepts
• EFFECT -It is generally used in expository and persuasive
writing modes.
• It explains the result of things that happened on t reasons. This
structure is commonly used, most of the time writers didn't
notice that they use this kind of text structure
CAUSE AND EFFECT
 COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
• Give the similarities and differences between two or
more people, events, concepts, ideas, and the like.
• You should bear in mind that this kind of structure
should discuss both comparing and contrasting . If
you will only discuss comparing and not contrasting,
it cannot be called as comparing and contrasting but
comparing alone and vice versa.
COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
 CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
• Chronological order explains a text by the time an event
occurs.
• Chrono means time and logic means order. the events
Occur along a timeline even if the author uses
flashbacks, or flash forwards.
• All stories are organized chronologically therefore, every
story has
• A beginning, middle, and an end. Non-fiction stories
organized chronologically usually contain dates while
fiction passages or narratives usually have no dates.
CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION
• Problem-solution is a pattern of organization
that explain a problem issue and an
attempted solution in the issue.
• This type of text is usually interchanged with
caused and effect type of structure but the
only thing that they should remember is that
cause and effect text structure do not offer a
solution. This mentions a problem and then
offers a solution plus the possible effect of a
solution.
PROBLEM-SOLUTION
THINK ALOUD:
Finding the
Structure
 Time management refers to a person’s ability to
plan, organize and control how they use their time to
accomplish the deadlines. Nowadays, many students
struggle to compare their academic tasks because they
have poor time management skills.
While both men and women in adolescence age
encounter hectic schedules specially during college,
studies revealed that women are more careful and
efficient in using their time. First, they set priorities,
second, they make schedules, next, they allocate time
wisely for tasks, finally they ensure that the intended
results are accomplished.
However, most men spend their time doing mobile
games and leisure activities, As a result, deadlines are
missed and the quality of their work decreases. In light
 LET’S
TEST
YOUR
SKILLS !
The Hazardous Waste Dilemma
 The Hazardous Waste Dilemma

Guide Questions:

• Help Maria and John calculate the volume for the

new container

• Identify the structures of text used in the passage. Use

graphic organizers in your presentations.

Container A Container B
SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

CAUSEc EFFECT EVENT 1

CV CV
EVENT 2

EVENT 3
 The Hazardous Waste Dilemma

7 INCHES 6 INCHES
height width

9 INCHES
length

Volume = Length x Width x Height

 TEXT
STRUCTU
RE
AROUND
 • With the same group, use text structure in your
assigned topic.
GROUP 1- Create a recipe of your favorite dish using
Sequence.

GROUP 2- Create a short product advertisement using

Description.

GROUP 3- Think of a problem inside the school and propose

a solution
GROUP 4- Think of the most common problem outside.
Identify the Cause-and-Effect

GROUP 5- Compare and Contrast Iphone vs. Android

phones.
ASSESSMEN
T!
 ASSESSMENT !

Directions:
Read and analyze the following questions
carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer.
 ASSESSMENT !

1. When an author uses signal words like first, next, then, before,
or dates, what information are they helping the reader to glean?

a. Description of location
b. The sequence of events or steps in a process
c. Reasons why something happened
d. How two items are different
 ASSESSMENT !
2. A student is researching the differences between solar power
and wind power. Which text structure would best help her glean
this specific information efficiently?

a. Cause and Effect

b. Problem and Solution
c. Compare and Contrast
d. Sequence
 ASSESSMENT !

3. Which of the following is the most important reason why knowing a

text structure helps a reader glean information?

a. It makes the text longer and more detailed

b. It helps the reader predict the author’s exact opinion.
c. It provides a mental framework for organizing main ideas and details.
d. It ensures the vocabulary used is simple and easy to read.
 ASSESSMENT !
4. A passage uses the signal words because, as a result, due to, and
consequently. The information gleaned from this passage will primarily
explain:

a. A description of a scientific process.

b. A set of steps to solve a problem
c. The relationship between actions and their outcomes.
d. The similarities between two historical figures
 ASSESSMENT !
5. If you are reading an informational text and come across a graphic
organizer that is a Venn Diagram, what information is the author helping
you to glean?

a. A timeline of historical events.

b. The primary problem and its answer
c. Shared characteristics and unique features of two subjects.
d. The exact procedure for an experiment.
 ASSESSMENT !
6. Which text structure would you most likely find when reading instructions
on how to use a fire extinguisher?

a. Sequence
b. Description
c. Compare and Contrast
d. Problem and Solution
 ASSESSMENT !
7. A passage describing the unique features of a newly discovered planet would
primarily use which text structure to help the reader glean descriptive information?

a. Problem/ Solution
b. Description
c. Cause/ Effect
d. Sequence
 ASSESSMENT !
8. When trying to quickly find the solution to a complex issue discussed in a
technical manual, a reader should look for which set of signal words?

a. For instance, such as

b. Both, similar, unlike
c. Problem, solution, answer
d. First, next, then
 ASSESSMENT !
9. A technical manual includes a section with the heading:
“Troubleshooting : If the machine will not turn on.” If you are attempting
to glean the solution quickly, which signal words would you instantly look
for, assuming the author organized the text logically?

a. For example, also, similarly

b. First, next, consequently
c. Problem, issue, solution
d. Due to, because, as a result
 ASSESSMENT !
10. A doctor reviews a medical journal about a new surgery. Section 1 use
sequence (45 steps), Section 2 uses cause and effect (complications and
outcomes). Which structure will the doctor prioritize to efficiently glean
information and the procedure’s safety?

a. The sequence structure

b. Both structures must be read equally
c. The case-and – effect structure
d. A problem and solution structure
Thank You !