Objectives
Use various techniques in
01 summarizing a variety of
academic texts
Summarize the content of an
02
academic text
How to
Summarize a
text?
Table of contents
01 What is a text summary?
02 Steps to make a summary
03 Elements of a summary
04 Some recommendations...
01
What is a
text
summary?
What is a text summary?
What you
Definition Purpose need
The summary of a Present a Take the most
text is a piece of synthesis of the important elements
writing of an contents that the of a main theme and
informative author of the original discard all those points
nature. text transmitted that serve as a
through the writing. complement,
decoration or filler.
02
Steps to make a
good summary
Steps to make a good summary
Read and understand the original
text:
0
If you want to make a good summary, you must make
1 sure you understand every detail about the original
topic. It is necessary to read the content to be
summarized slowly in order to identify the main and
Separate
secondary ideas.
main ideas from
secondary ideas and
02 complements:
After reading the text, it is necessary to separate the
main ideas, secondary ideas and complements in
each paragraph. A highlighter can be used for
this purpose.
Ask yourself: Is the information necessary to
Transcribe the separate ideas:
03 After classifying the different ideas within the original
document, you should proceed to transcribe them to
a blank sheet of paper, trying to form coherent
paragraphs with them.
Writing the summary
04 Once the most important points of the text have
been organized, a new text is written using
them. It is highly recommended that the latter is
done using your own words.
Refine the summary:
0 Once the summary is structured, it will be
necessary to read it a few times to make sure that
5 it provides all the desired information. At this
point, you can make any adjustments you
consider necessary.
Add a title to the summary
0 Finally, a title should be given to the summary.
6 In addition, it is advisable to indicate the source
from which the information is obtained,
providing data such as the title, author and
publisher of the original document.
02
Summarizing
Techniques
Steps to make a good summary
Selection
0
It is essential to select major idea, key words
1 and phrases, special terms and interpretations
presented in the original resource. It is an
important summarization technique as it helps
to include all major ideas in summary.
02 Rejection
lt is a process of removing unnecessary data.
As cited earlier, try to reject repetitions,
examples, illustrations, anecdotes, redundant,
expressions, tables and statistical data.
Basically, rejection helps to prepare a perfect
Steps to make a good summary
Substitution
0
It includes synthesis. It is a mode of combining several
3 sentences into one sentence. It is recommended to use
sentence substitutions, short sentences to replace lengthy
sentences. Use of one-word substitutions is an added
advantage in the summary writing process.
04 Graphic Organizer
05 Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing
Indirect quotation
In simple words: to write other people’s ideas in
your own words.
TECHNIQUES TO PARAPHRASE:
[Link] synonyms
[Link] different word forms
[Link]-order and re-structure sentences
Note: Combine all these technique to make
a good paraphrased statement.
Paraphrasing
Synonym
Many well known multinational
companies are located in New
York.
Many famous multinational
companies are situated in New
York.
Paraphrasing
Word Forms
1. It is not easy to manage a football
team.
The management of a football
team is not easy.
Paraphrasing
Sentence Structure
1. Google was founded on
September 4, 1998, by
American computer scientists
Larry Page and Sergey Brin.
American computer scientists
Larry Page and Sergey Brin founded
Google on September 4, 1998.
Steps to make a good summary
Somebody Wanted But So Then
0
Somebody: Who is the story about?
6 Wanted: What does the main charter want?
But: Identify a problem that the main character encountered.
So: How does the main character solve the problem?
Then: Tell how the story ends.
Steps to make a good summary
Somebody Wanted But So Then
0
Somebody: Little Red Riding Hood
6 Wanted: She wanted to take cookies to her sick grandmother.
But: She encountered a wolf pretending to be her grandmother.
So: She ran away, crying for help.
Then: A woodsman heard her and saved her from the wolf.
Steps to make a good summary
07 SAAC Method
State: name of the article, book, or story
Assign: the name of the author
Action: what the author is doing (example: tells,
explains)
Complete: complete the sentence or summary with
keywords and important details
Steps to make a good summary
07 SAAC Method
State: The Boy Who Cried Wolf
Assign: Aesop (a Greek storyteller)
Action: tells
Complete: what happens when a shepherd boy
repeatedly lies to the villagers about seeing a wolf
5 W's, 1 H
0
Who is the story about?
8 What did they do?
When did the action take place?
Where did the story happen?
Why did the main character do what he/she did?
How did the main character do what he/she did?
Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare boast about
how fast he was, so he challenged Hare to a
race. Even though he was slower than Hare,
Tortoise won by keeping up his slow and steady
pace when Hare stopped to take a nap.
5 W's, 1 H
0
Who? The tortoise
8 What? He raced a quick, boastful hare and won.
When? When isn’t specified in this story, so it’s not important in this case.
Where? An old country road
Why? The tortoise was tired of hearing the hare boast about his speed.
How? The tortoise kept up his slow but steady pace.
Tortoise got tired of listening to Hare boast about
how fast he was, so he challenged Hare to a
race. Even though he was slower than Hare,
Tortoise won by keeping up his slow and steady
pace when Hare stopped to take a nap.
First, Goldilocks entered the bears' home while
they were gone. Then, she ate their food, sat in
their chairs, and slept in their beds. Finally, she
woke up to find the bears watching her, so she
jumped up and ran away.
First, Then, Finally
09
First. What happened first? Include the main
character and main event/action.
Then. What key details took place during the
event/action?
Finally. What were the results of the
event/action?
First, Goldilocks entered the bears' home while
they were gone. Then, she ate their food, sat in
their chairs, and slept in their beds. Finally, she
woke up to find the bears watching her, so she
jumped up and ran away.
First, Then, Finally
09
First. Goldilocks entered the bears' home while
they were gone.
Then. Goldilocks ate their food, sat in their
chairs, and slept in their beds.
Finally. Goldilocks woke up to find the bears
watching her, so she jumped up and ran away.
Elements of a summary
The title of the The synthesis Bibliographic
summary of ideas sources
The title is one of The summary In this section the
the most important itself. The organized data of the sources
elements of the and coherent used to extract the
synthesis of the most information will be
summary. It will
important points indicated. Such as
let the reader extracted from the web pages, books,
know the topic to document used as a papers,
be covered in the source. documents, among
04
Some
recommendatio
ns
Some recommendations
Follow an order:
If you want your summary to make sense, the ideas in it
must follow a logical order. Otherwise, the text will be
very difficult to understand. In general, it is
recommended that the text be structured from the
general to the specific.
Avoid using literal fragments of
the original text:
Summaries should be written in your own
words, making use of key points or ideas
extracted from the original text, and classified as
main or secondary.
Some recommendations
Do not write in first person
The first person is used to express an opinion.
However, summaries seek to explain a topic in a
synthesized form, not to express an opinion about
it. Therefore, it is recommended to use the third
person.
Avoid past tense verbs:
Past tense verbs are often used to narrate a
text. However, during a summary, you want
to explain it. Because of this, it is necessary
to use only verbs in the present tense.
Some recommendations
Do not use adjective clauses:
This kind of clauses do not add valuable content
to the summary and may increase its length more
than desired. At the same time, it is relatively
easy to replace them with adjectives.
Do not copy verbatim quotations:
Even if the original text includes quotations,
these should not be incorporated into the
summary. Only the main idea of the
quotation should be captured and
structured with your own words.
Some recommendations
Avoid listing:
Enumerations should be replaced by
general ideas that encompass the
elements to be named.
Instead of "Maria bought apples,
pineapples, strawberries...", you can
say: "Maria bought fruits".
Remember…
En
From ⇆ um
U se l a u se s ge n e r a t
th C s
general to
pers ird j e cti v e e ra i o n s
specific on ad l id
eas ⇆
U se o
wn
words
Use of a
Present tense
highlighter
verbs
Thanks
Do you have any questions?
ashin1102@[Link]
+9685214340
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