Chapter 7: INPUT AND OUTPUT

296 Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 1

What Is Input?
• Input is any data and instructions entered into the
memory of a computer
• Data is collection of unprocessed items including
text, numbers , images , audios, videos.

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Figure 7-1
What Is Input?

• Instructions can be entered into the computer in the

form of programs, commands, and user responses
A program is a series of related
instructions that tells a computer what
tasks to perform and how to perform
them

Programs respond to commands that a

user issues

A user response is an instruction a user

issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
What Are Input Devices

An input device
is any hardware
component that
allows users to
enter data and
instructions into
a computer

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
The Keyboard

• A keyboard is an input device that contains keys

users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer
• Typing Keys
• Function Keys
• Toggle keys
• Navigation Keys
• Media control keys
• Internet control keys
• Finger print reader
• Pointing device

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Types of Keyboard
• Most Standard desktop computer has 101 -105
keys
• Compact keyboards nowadays have…
• Separate devices: Wired and wireless
Not include
• Magnetic clips Smaller than
standard numeric or
keyboards navigation keys
• Onscreen Keyboards
• Virtual Keyboards Each key serves
one or two Built in computer
purposes and mobiles
• Ergonomic Keyboards
• Gaming Keyboards Permanently
attached with
hinges and sliding
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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
The Keyboard

• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces

the chance of Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs)
wrist and hand injuries
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and
safety into the design of the workplace
• Gaming Keyboards designed for users who enjoys
playing games on computer
• Programmable keys- light the keys
• Small display – shows games statistics
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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Pointing Devices
• Pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose
location and shape changes as a user moves a
pointing device
• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the
palm of your hand comfortably
– Most widely used pointing device on desktop
computers
• A mouse can be wired or wireless
• Optical Mouse
• Touch Mouse
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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Figure 7-5
 Other Pointing Devices

• A touchpad is a • A trackball is a

Trackball
Touch Pad

small, flat, stationary

rectangular pointing device
pointing device with a ball on its
that is sensitive top or side
to pressure and
motion

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5
Figures 5-9 – 5-11
Touch Screens

• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display device

• Not require separate device inputs
• Responds to Gestures
• Gestures is the motion you make on a
touchscreen with tip of one finger or more (Zoom,
Pinch)
• Multi touch

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Discovering Computers 2012: Chapter 5
Figures 5-12 – 5-13
Pen Input
• Stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks
like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink
• May include buttons that can be pressed to stimulate clicking
• Signature capture pad
• Digital Pen is an input device that captures and
converts a users handwriting or drawing into
digital format (Upload and transfer)
• Used for taking notes
• Battery operated
• USB powered
• Wireless and Bluetooth tech
305-306 Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 11
Graphics Tablet
• Graphics tablets aka digitizers is an electronic
plastic board that detects and converts
movements of a stylus or digital pen into digital
signals that are sent to computer
• Each location corresponds to a specific lo0cation
on screen
• Architects, mapmakers
• Designers
• Artists

Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 12

Motion Voice and Video Input

• Motion Input: Gesture recognition, users can

guide on screen elements using air gestures
• Uses body and hand movements and handheld
devices
• Camera detects the gestures and converts into
digital signals

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Voice Input
• Voice inputs is a process of entering input by
speaking into the microphone
• Microphone have a cable attached to a port or
computer- communicate wireless
• Internet messaging, voice messages, chat rooms,
video chats, VoIP and voice recognition
• Voice recognition- Speech recognition- capability
if distinguishing spoken words and converting
them in text on Devices.
• Text- to -Speech
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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Audio Input
• Process of entering any sound in computer such
as speech, music sound effects
• Enter high quality sound
• Sound Card
• Integrated Sound Capability
• Record live music
• Electronic keyboards,
• Music production software's

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Webcam and Integrated DV Cameras
• Webcam is a type of camera that enables you to
capture video and still images ad audio input for
viewing and manipulation on computer device
• Separate peripheral device
• Build-in
• Can send email, video attachments,
• live images and video conferencing
• Video Conferencing is a meeting between 2 or more
geographically separated people who use a network or
internet to transmit audio and video data

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Scanners

• Scanners capture data directly from source document

An Optical Scanner Optical Reader uses Bar code reader is a A QR code ( Quick
is a light sensing light source to read laser to read bar Response code)
input device that characters and code, identification stores information
reads printed text marks and codes code that often in vertical and
and graphics and and converts digital consists of either horizontal graphics
translates the data that computer set of vertical lines images
results into a form, can process. and spaces of
computer can OCR and OMR different widths
process

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Scanners

A RFID reader ( Radio Frequency Mag stripe Reader reads

Identification Reader) is a MICR ( Magnetic Ink
magnetic stripe on back of
technology that uses radio signals
credit or debit card, bank
Character recognition)
to communicate with tagged reads text printed with
places, people and animals cards, identification cards
Contains memory chips Identify information magnetic ink.
Tag radio waves Converts MICR
Handheld devise or mounted on characters into form
stationary points
that computer can
process

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Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7
Output devices

• Output is the data that has been processed into

useful form
• Speakers, Printers,
• Display and earbuds
• Text
• Audio
• Video
• Graphics
Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 19
Displays
• Displays are the output devices that visually
conveys texts, graphics and video info into soft
copy
• Electronically appear for temporary period
• Flat Panel Display
• Monitor for display
• Tilt or swivel base- adjust angel
• Adjustable monitor
• Touch screens and build in
• webcams Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 20
Display Technologies
• LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display) sandwiches a liquid
compound between two sheets of materials that
presents sharp, flicker- free images on screen
when illuminated
• LED (Light Emitting Diode) Display
• Less power
• Last long
• Thinner
• Lighter
• Brighter
• May be expensive

Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 21

Display Quality
Display quality denotes resolution, response time,
brightness, dot to pitch and contrast ratio
1. Resolution is the number of horizontal and vertical pixels .
2. Response time of dos[play refers to the time in milliseconds (ms)
it takes to turn a pixel on and off- 2-12 ms
3. Brightness of a display is measured in Nits (is a unit of visible light
intensity equal to one candela per square meter)-250-700 nits
4. Dot Pitch is the distance in millimeter between pixels on display
Average 0.288mm or lower
5. Contrast Ratio difference in light intensity between brightest
white and darkest black produced in display
500: 1 to 3000: 1

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HDTV and Smart TV

• High Digital TV is the most advanced form of

digital TV working with digital broadcast signals
transmitting digital sound
• Smart TV- Internet enabled HDTV which browse
web, online media services etc.
• Plasma Display uses gas plasma technology
sandwiches the layers of gas between two glass
plates, when voltage is applied, gas is releases UV
light which causes pixels on screen to glow and
form images Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 23
 Printers

• Printers is an output device that produces text

and graphics on a physical medium i.e. Paper
• Printed info (Permanent)
• Portrait and landscape Orientation
• Two Types of Printers
• Non Impact Printers and Impact Printers

Discovering Computers 2018: Chapter 7 24

Non impact printers
• Non impact printers form characters and graphics
on a piece of paper without actually contacting
paper
• Spray ink or heat or pressure image
1. Ink-Jet Printers
2. Photo Printers
3. Laser Printers
4. 3D printers
5. Thermal Printers
6. Large Format Printers

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Non impact printers
• Ink-Jet Printers forms characters and graphics by spraying
tiny dots of liquid ink onto piece of paper
• Black and white with variety of paper size and types
• 1 or 2 stationary trays
• Print lab quality
• Speed of printer- no of pages per minute ppm
• Graphics print speed is lower than text
• Ink Cartridges

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Non impact printers
• Photo Printers are color printers that give lab quality
photos
• 1 or 2 size photos (3x5 inches, 4x6 inches or 8x10 inches)
• Can print paranormic photos
• More expensive
• Laser Printers are high speed high quality non impact
printers in black, white and colorful
• 8 ½ x 11 inch sheets
• Print text and high resolution graphics
• Cost more and Print faster than jet ink
• Cost ranges from hundred to thousand $
• When printing a document, it stores the entire page before printing
• Memory – faster printing
• laser beams used and powdered ink to print
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Printers

• All in Ones
• 3-D printers
• Thermal Printers
• Mobile Printers
• Label Printers
• Plotters and large format printers

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Impact Printers

• Impact printers form characters and graphics on a

piece of paper by sticking a mechanism against an
inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper
• Noisy
• Multipart forms- print
• Many layer papers
• Withstand dusty, vibrations and extreme
temperature environment
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SPEAKERS

• Speakers are situated in mobiles and computers –

small internal speakers that emit low quality
sound
• Headphones
• Earbuds
• Data Projectors
• Interactive white boards

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