Database Management Systems
Importance of Data
Data provides the basis for
generating information required in
business operations/ any activity.
Data, Information and Knowledge
• Data
– Facts of the world
• Information
– Refers to the meaning of the data as understood by the user
– Provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when"
questions
– Data that has been interpreted and then presented in a more
meaningful context that allows a business to make decisions
from.
• Knowledge
– It is the appropriate collection of information
– Answers "how" / “why” questions
Example 1
Example 2
• Data: crude oil, 70, 80
• Information: The price of crude oil has risen from
$70 to $80 per barrel"
• Knowledge: is a combination of information,
experience and insight that may benefit the individual
or the organization.
"When crude oil prices go up by $10 per barrel, it's likely that
petrol prices will rise by 2 cents per litre" is knowledge.
Basic Definitions
• Database
– A collection of related data.
• Data
– Known facts that can be recorded and have an
implicit meaning.
• Mini-world
– Some part of the real world about which data is
stored in a database. For example, student grades
and transcripts at a university.
Basic Definitions
• Database Management System (DBMS)
– A software (application) system to facilitate the
creation and maintenance of a computerized
database.
• Database System
– The DBMS software together with the data itself.
Sometimes, the applications are also included.
Example Database systems
• Library Information system
• Train, Bus and Airlines – Reservation systems
• Amazon – online book store
• Banking software
• Student information system
• Accounting system
• Sales and marketing system
…………………..
Basic Definitions
• Database Management System (DBMS)
– A software (application) system to facilitate the
creation and maintenance of a computerized
database.
– Has to provide a way to store and retrieve data
• Satisfy the characteristics convenience and efficiency
– Management of data involves both defining
structures for storage of data and providing
mechanisms for the manipulation of data.
DBMS …
• The DBMS is a general-purpose software system that
facilitates the processes of defining, constructing,
manipulating and sharing databases among various
users and applications.
• Defining a database
– specifying data types, structures and constraints of
the data to be stored in the database
– database definition is stored in a database catalog
or dictionary is called as meta-data
DBMS …
• Constructing the database
– the process of storing the data on some storage medium
that is controlled by the DBMS
• Manipulating database
– querying the database to retrieve specific data
– updating the database to reflect changes in the mini-world
– generating reports from the data
DBMS …
• Sharing the database
– allows multiple users and programs to access the database
simultaneously
• Protection
– Ensures safety of data (from system crash/unauthorized
access)
• Application programs can access the database
– SQL interface (query)
– API (application program interface)
Database system
• Database System
– The DBMS software together with the data itself.
Sometimes, the applications are also included.
• Software Companies selling DBMS
– Oracle, IBM – DB2, Microsoft – SQL server
– freeware: Mysql, postgresql, …
Database System Environment
Recent database applications
• Multimedia Databases
• is used to store images, audio clips, video streams
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• can store and analyze maps, weather data and satellite images
• Data Warehouses and online analytical processing
(OLAP)
• To extract and analyze useful information from very large
databases to support decision making
• Real-time and Active Databases
• used to control industrial and manufacturing processes
• Many other applications
Systems required for Managing Data,
Information and Extracting
Knowledge
• DBMS is used for storing and managing data.
• Information system is built using DBMS
– used as decision support system in business
• Knowledge patterns can be extracted from the data
stored in the DBMS by applying
– Statistical methods
– Machine Learning techniques
– Data mining techniques
• Association rules
• Clustering
• Classification
Grading Policy
Database Management Systems
Quiz I (test) – 1 hr duration – 10 marks
Quiz II (test) – 1 hr duration – 10 marks
Final Examination – 3 hrs duration - 30 marks
Surprise Quiz, Class room interaction – 10
marks
Lab Performance – 20 marks
Project – 20 marks
Total : 100 marks