SAMPLING AND
SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
MODULE 6
SAMPLING AND SAMPLING
DISTRIBUTION
POPULATION
- the totality of subjects
(people, animals or objects) under
consideration.
SAMPLE
- the portion chosen from a
population
SAMPLING
- the process of taking samples
PARAMETER
- measurement or quantity
that describes the population
- usually denoted by Greek
letters
• Population mean μ, population
variance , and population standard
deviation δ are examples of
parameters
STATISTIC
- measurement or quantity
that describes the sample
- Statistic or estimates are
usually denoted by Roman letters
• Sample mean (x), sample variance
( and sample standard deviation (s)
are examples of statistic or estimate
Example 1: Tell whether the given value is statistic
or a parameter.
PARAMETER1. The average daily allowance of all
___________
students in RIS.
___________
PARAMETER2. The Philippines consists of 7, 107
islands.
STATISTIC
___________ 3. Fifty students who were randomly
selected will participate in a study on the effects of
using calculators in learning mathematics.
STATISTIC 4. In a study concerning the economic
___________
status of employees in a certain company, a
researcher randomly selected 45 employees.
STATISTIC 5. Based on a sample of 900 elementary
___________
students, it was found out that 30% of them could
not do long division.
TYPES OF
RANDOM
SAMPLING
[Link] RANDOM
SAMPLING
- This is the most basic
sampling technique. In this
sampling technique, every
member of the population has
an equal chance of being
chosen to be part of the
sample.
WAYS OF DOING RANDOM SAMPLING
a. Table of Random Numbers
- The table of random numbers contains
rows and columns of mechanically generated
digits.
WAYS OF DOING RANDOM SAMPLING
b. Lottery Method
- Each element of the population is
assigned a unique number. The numbers are
written on pieces of paper with identical size
and shape. These pieces of paper are then
folded and placed in a bowl or box where they
are thoroughly mixed together. Without looking
or with eyes closed, the researcher picks the
required number of folded pieces of paper. All
the elements bearing the numbers picked by
the researcher become elements of the
sample.
2. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
- Systematic sampling is a random
sampling technique in which every
element of the population is selected
until the desired number of elements in
the sample is obtained. The value of k is
calculated by dividing the number of
elements in the population by the
number of elements in the desired
sample. The value of k is the sampling
interval
2. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING
where: k = sample interval
N = population size
n = sample size
3. STRATIFIED RANDOM
SAMPLING
- Stratified Random
Sampling is random sampling
technique in which the
population is first divided into
strata and then samples are
randomly selected separately
from each stratum.
Example: You want to interview
200 students in your school to
determine their opinion on the new
school uniform. How are you going
to choose your sample by using
stratified random sampling if there
are 1,200 students in Grade 7; 1,
100 in Grade 8; 1,050 Grade 9; 940
in Grade 10; 900 in Grade 11, and
810 in Grade 12?
4. CLUSTER or AREA SAMPLING
- Cluster or area sampling is
a random sampling technique
in which the entire population is
broken into small groups, or
clusters, and then, some of the
clusters are randomly selected.
SAMPLE MEAN,
SAMPLE VARIANCE,
AND SAMPLE
STANDARD DEVIATION
SAMPLE MEAN
The sample mean x is the
average of all the values
randomly selected from the
population.
where: X = sample data
n =sample size
SAMPLE MEAN
Note:
• The mean is affected by each
datum.
• If the value of one datum is too
small in comparison with other data, it will
lower the value of the mean. If a datum is
too big compared with other data, it will
increase the value of the mean.
SAMPLE VARIANCE ()
The sample variance (s )is
2
the sum of the squared
deviation of each data from the
sample mean x divided by n –
1.
SAMPLE STANDARD
DEVIATION (s)
The sample standard
deviation (s) is the square root
of the sample variance.
Example 2:
The ages of the 6 samples of
Math teachers at Archimedes
Secondary School are the following:
34 38 28 36 40 31
Find the
a) sample mean, b) sample
variance ,
c) sample standard deviation
X
34
38
28
36
40
31