UNIVERSAL
IMMUNIZATION
PROGRAM (UIP)
DETAILED OVERVIEW FOR MEDICAL
STUDENTS
INTRODUCTION
• LAUNCHED IN 1985 UNDER MINISTRY OF HEALTH &
FAMILY WELFARE
• LARGEST PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAM IN THE WORLD
• PART OF NATIONAL HEALTH MISSION (NHM) SINCE
2005
• AIM: REDUCE MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY DUE TO
VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES
OBJECTIVES OF UIP
• PROVIDE FREE VACCINES TO ALL ELIGIBLE
CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN
• ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE
• REDUCE INFANT AND UNDER-FIVE MORTALITY
RATES
• CONTROL, ELIMINATE, OR ERADICATE VACCINE-
PREVENTABLE DISEASES
TARGET GROUPS
• CHILDREN: ALL UP TO 5 YEARS OF AGE,
FOCUS ON 0-1 YEAR
• PREGNANT WOMEN: PREVENT
MATERNAL AND NEONATAL TETANUS,
OTHER INFECTIONS
VACCINES UNDER UIP
(CHILDREN)
• FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN
• BCG – AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS.
• ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV) – AGAINST POLIO.
• FRACTIONAL INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE (FIPV) – INTRADERMAL,
FOR POLIO.
• PENTAVALENT VACCINE – DPT + HEPATITIS B + HIB (HAEMOPHILUS
INFLUENZAE TYPE B).
• DPT BOOSTER – DIPHTHERIA, PERTUSSIS, TETANUS.
• MEASLES-RUBELLA (MR) VACCINE – AT 9 MONTHS & 16–24 MONTHS.
• ROTAVIRUS VACCINE – AGAINST ROTAVIRAL DIARRHEA.
• PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE (PCV) – AGAINST
STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.
• JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE – IN ENDEMIC DISTRICTS.
VACCINES UNDER UIP
(PREGNANT WOMEN)
• TETANUS & ADULT DIPHTHERIA (TD) VACCINE
REPLACES TT
• TD-1: EARLY IN PREGNANCY
• TD-2: 4 WEEKS LATER
• BOOSTER: IF VACCINATED WITHIN PAST 3
YEARS
CURRENT IMMUNIZATION
SCHEDULE (CHILDREN)
Age / Time Vaccine(s)
At Birth BCG, OPV-0, Hepatitis B-0
OPV-1, fIPV-1, Pentavalent-1,
6 weeks
Rotavirus-1, PCV-1
10 weeks OPV-2, Pentavalent-2, Rotavirus-2
OPV-3, fIPV-2, Pentavalent-3,
14 weeks
Rotavirus-3, PCV-2
MR-1, JE-1 (endemic areas), PCV
9 months
booster
MR-2, DPT booster-1, OPV booster,
16–24 months
JE-2 (endemic areas)
5–6 years DPT booster-2
10 years Td
16 years Td
STRATEGIES UNDER UIP
• ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION (RI): REGULAR VACCINATION
AT HEALTH FACILITIES AND OUTREACH SESSIONS.
• MISSION INDRADHANUSH (2014, INTENSIFIED
VERSION 2017): TO RAPIDLY INCREASE COVERAGE IN
LOW-PERFORMING AREAS.
• TARGET: >90% FULL IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE.
• SYMBOL: INDRADHANUSH (7 COLORS = 7 VACCINES INITIALLY).
• POLIO ERADICATION INITIATIVE: INDIA DECLARED
POLIO-FREE IN 2014.
• SPECIAL CAMPAIGNS – E.G., MR CAMPAIGN, JE
VACCINATION IN ENDEMIC STATES.
MONITORING & SUPERVISION
• ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING
IMMUNIZATION (AEFI): REPORTING &
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
• ELECTRONIC VACCINE INTELLIGENCE
NETWORK (EVIN): MONITORS VACCINE
STOCKS & COLD CHAIN.
• COLD CHAIN SYSTEM: MAINTAINS VACCINES
AT 2–8 °C UNTIL ADMINISTRATION
ACHIEVEMENTS
• POLIO ERADICATION – 2014
• MATERNAL & NEONATAL TETANUS
ELIMINATED – 2015
• INTRODUCTION OF NEW VACCINES:
ROTAVIRUS, PCV, MR
• IMPROVED COVERAGE THROUGH
MISSION INDRADHANUSH
CHALLENGES
• UNEQUAL COVERAGE ACROSS STATES AND
DISTRICTS
• VACCINE HESITANCY & MISINFORMATION
• LOGISTICS: COLD CHAIN, STOCK-OUTS, RURAL
ACCESSIBILITY
• COVERAGE GAPS IN URBAN SLUMS & MIGRANT
POPULATIONS
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION
SCHEDULE (NIS)
• THE NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE (NIS) IS
PART OF THE UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM
(UIP) UNDER THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH & FAMILY
WELFARE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
IT PROVIDES FREE VACCINES AGAINST PREVENTABLE
DISEASES TO ALL CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN.
• BENEFICIARIES
• PREGNANT WOMEN
• INFANTS
• CHILDREN UP TO 16 YEAR
VACCINES COVERED (AS PER 2023 UPDATE)
• THE NIS PROTECTS AGAINST 12 VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASES
NATIONALLY, AND ADDITIONAL ONES IN SELECTED STATES.
• NATIONALLY COVERED DISEASES (12):
1. TUBERCULOSIS (BCG)
2. POLIO (OPV, IPV)
3. DIPHTHERIA
4. PERTUSSIS (WHOOPING COUGH)
5. TETANUS
6. HEPATITIS B
7. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B (HIB)
8. MEASLES
9. RUBELLA
10. ROTAVIRUS
11. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS (JE) – IN ENDEMIC DISTRICTS
12. PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA (PCV) – IN SELECT STATES/DISTRICTS
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
• A. FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
• TT / TD (TETANUS OR TETANUS-
DIPHTHERIA TOXOID):
• 1ST DOSE: EARLY IN PREGNANCY
• 2ND DOSE: 4 WEEKS LATER
• BOOSTER IF PREVIOUSLY VACCINATED WITHIN LAST 3
YEARS
B. For Infants & Children
Age Vaccine(s)
At birth (or as soon as
BCG, OPV-0, Hepatitis B birth dose
possible within 24 hrs)
OPV-1, Pentavalent-1 (DPT+HepB+Hib),
6 weeks
Rotavirus-1, IPV-1, PCV-1
10 weeks OPV-2, Pentavalent-2, Rotavirus-2
OPV-3, Pentavalent-3, Rotavirus-3, IPV-2, PCV-
14 weeks
2
Measles-Rubella (MR-1), JE-1 (endemic areas),
9–12 months
PCV booster
DPT booster-1, OPV booster, MR-2, JE-2
16–24 months
(endemic areas)
5–6 years DPT booster-2
10 years Td
16 years Td
KEY COMPONENTS
• COLD CHAIN SYSTEM – ENSURES VACCINE POTENCY (2–8 °C).
• LOGISTICS & SUPPLY CHAIN – PROCUREMENT, STORAGE,
DISTRIBUTION.
• SERVICE DELIVERY – SESSIONS AT HEALTH CENTERS,
OUTREACH, SCHOOLS.
• MONITORING & SURVEILLANCE – COVERAGE EVALUATION,
AEFI (ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION).
• IEC/BCC (INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION /
BEHAVIOR CHANGE COMMUNICATION) – COMMUNITY
AWARENESS AND PARTICIPATION
SPECIAL FEATURES
• MISSION INDRADHANUSH (2014
ONWARDS): INTENSIFIED DRIVE TO REACH
UNVACCINATED/PARTIALLY VACCINATED
CHILDREN.
• 100% FREE OF COST AT ALL GOVERNMENT
FACILITIES.
• INTEGRATION WITH MATERNAL & CHILD
HEALTH PROGRAMS.