THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
One of the common characteristics of all living things
is the capacity to respond to environmental changes.
The factors that contribute to these changes could either
be external or internal. External factors include things
or events outside the body of organisms such as the
intensity of light while internal factors pertain to the
things or conditions that happen inside the body of
organisms.
Supply the following human body conditions with
correct information.
The nervous system is your bodies decision and communicator
center the first division the central nervous system consist
Brain and Spinal Cord
The second division the peripheral nervous
system involves nerve together they control every
part of your daily life from breathing and blinking
Question:
What are the two main divisions of the nervous
system?
Cerebrum
Cerebrum is the large, upper part of
the brain
Receives and integrates sensory
signals/information forwarded by
the Thalamus.
Interprets and allows the body to
experience the sensation of taste,
touch, smell, seeing, and hearing.
Responsible for thinking, reasoning,
and imagination.
Cerebellum
is the part under the cerebrum that
controls posture, balance, and
coordination.
Brain Stem
Brain stem connects the brain to the
spinal cord and controls automatic
functions such as breathing, digestion,
heart rate, and blood pressure.
Somatic Nervous System the motor neurons carry signals from
the brain and spinal cord to voluntary muscles, enabling the
body to respond under conscious [Link] has two main
parts:
1. Spinal Nerves carry motor and sensory signals between the
spinal cord and the body.
2. Cranial Nerves are nerve fibers that carry information into
and out of the brain stem.
Spinal nerves emerges from
the spinal cord (31 pairs) to
the neck and to the lower
part of the body.
Cranial nerves originate
from the brain (12 pairs) to
the organs in the head.
The Autonomic Peripheral Nervous System is further
subdivided into Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Nervous System.
Remember:
Despite the events of an emergency period or relaxing time,
the Autonomic Nervous System is always active, together the
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic maintain the homeostatic
condition of the body without our conscious thoughts.
Directions: Supply the missing letters to spell the appropriate concept
referred to in the following items.
1. These are the two major divisions of nervous system. (C_N T R _ L
and P E R _ P _ E _A _) Nervous System.
2. It is associated with the voluntary control of body movements that
has two main parts- spinal and cranial nerves. (S_ M _ T_ C) Nervous
System
3. The main components of central nervous system are
(B _A _ N and S – I N _ L C_ R_ )
4. It is any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve
impulse. (S T _ M _ L _ S)
[Link] stem connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls
automatic functions such as (B_ E A _ H I _ G, D _ G _ S T _ O N,
H E A R T R A T E , and B _ O _ D P _ E _ S U _ E)
The Nerve Cells- Neurons
The neurons/nerves are the basic structural and functional
unit of the nervous system. They communicate with various
body parts by both receiving and sending signals.
There are three types of neurons, that make up the nervous
system namely sensory neurons, motor neurons, and
interneurons. Although they look different from one
another, they share common parts such as dendrites, cell
body, and axon.
Parts of a Neuron:
Dendrites- These resemble
branches and are involved in
the passage of messages
from other neurons to the
cell body.
Cell body / Soma - A cell
body, which includes a
nucleus, Golgi body,
endoplasmic reticulum,
mitochondria, and other
parts, is a part of every
Parts of a Neuron:
Axons - The axon, which
resembles a tube, is a structure
that transports electrical
impulses from a neuron's cell
body to its axon terminals,
which then transmit the
impulse to other neurons.
Myelin sheaths - It is for
saltatory conduction of nerve
impulses.
Axon terminals - Axon
endings that make synaptic
Synapse - It is the chemical
connection between a
neuron's terminal and its
neighbor's dendrites.
Types of Neuron
Sensory Neurons -
Sensory neurons translate
information from the outside
world into comparable
internal responses. As a
result of the sensory inputs,
the sensory neurons become
active and provide sensory
data to the brain and spinal
cord. Their structure is
pseudounipolar.
Types of Neuron
Motor Neurons - These are
multipolar and are situated
in the central nervous
system, but they also have
axons that extend outside of
it. This most prevalent
variety of neuron carries
signals from the brain to the
body's muscles.
Types of Neuron
Interneurons or
associative -Their structure
is multipolar. Only the
neighboring sensory and
motor neurons are
connected to via their
axons. They aid in the signal
transmission between two
neurons.
QUIZ 2
Directions: Read and analyze each
question. Choose the letter of the
correct answer.
1. What is nervous system?
A. It is part of the human body.
B. It is the body’s control center.
C. It regulates body hormones.
D. It transports blood throughout the body.
2. Which part of the brain helps keep your balance so you
don’t just fall or stumble while walking?
[Link]
B. medulla oblongata
C. pituitary gland
D. spinal cord
3. What does the autonomic nervous system control?
A. body transmission of scents
B. involuntary actions like heartbeat
C. signals carried throughout the body
D. voluntary actions like walking
4. What is another term for nerve cell?
A. cancer
B. ganglion
C. Mitochondrion
D. neuron
5. What type of nerve cells are found only within the brain
and spinal cord?
A. Efferent neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Motor neuron
D. Sensory neuron
6. The receptors in a girl’s body detect changes in the
environment. Which organs of the body contain the receptors
for flashing red lights of an ambulance car?
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
7. Instructions from the brain to the target organs is carried
by _________.
A. receptors
B. hormones
C. sense organs
D. nerves
8. Communication and regulation within your body are
needed for homeostasis. Which system (s) provides this
communication and regulation?
A. Endocrine system only
B. Nervous system only
C. Nervous System and Endocrine System
D. Immune System and Nervous System
9. What are the main parts of the nervous system?
A. arteries, veins, and capillaries
B. hands, feet, and tongue
C. brain, spinal cord, and nerves
D. nose, toes, and tongues
10. You felt hungry because you haven’t eaten your food for
lunch trying to finish home works. Which of the following is
the best response to the given stimulus?
A. Continue work.
B. Eat.
C. Ignore the situation.
D. Shout out loud.
Performance Task 2
Activity: Taking Responsibility for the Endocrine and
Nervous System
Direction: In a A4 size bond paper write a well-organized
essay with 100-150 words explaining how a person can take
responsibility for keeping the endocrine and nervous system
healthy.
Performance Task 2
Include the following points in your essay:
• Briefly describe the role of endocrine and nervous systems in the
body.
• Explain why these system are important for thinking, emotions,
growth, and daily activities.
• Identify habits or lifestyle choices that can harm these systems.
• Discuss responsible actions that students your age should practice
to take care of these systems.
• End with a conclusion that shows your personal commitment to a
healthy lifestyle.