Ladder Programming
A B Lamp
Normally Normally
open open
Battery
In this presentation you will:
examine AND, OR and NOT logic functions
convert logic functions to ladder logic steps
examine the role of truth tables Next >
Introduction
Logic functions Logic Symbols
describe how logic
circuits operate.
AND OR
Examples of logic NOT
functions are AND,
OR and NOT.
They help engineers to
create ladder logic to
program a PLC. Green Red
Red
button button
lamp
Next >
Introduction
This vending machine
uses AND logic. It will
dispense tea if both of
these criteria are met:
the ‘Tea’ button is
pressed
AND
a thermal switch
indicates that the
water is above a
set minimum
temperature
Next >
AND Functions
This AND circuit has
two normally open Lamp
A B
(N.O.) switches
connected in series.
N.O. N.O.
If neither switch is
closed, the circuit is Battery
incomplete and current
cannot flow.
If only one switch is Logic:
closed, current still IF switch A is activated
cannot flow.
AND switch B is activated,
THEN turn on the lamp.
Current only flows
when both switches
are closed. Next >
Ladder Logic
Simulator Standard Ladder
Representation Representation
Red button
N.O.
Pressed
Label identifies object
Label shows active state
Symbol indicates active state
Red button
N.C.
Not pressed
A normally open (N.O.) switch must be pressed to become active.
A normally closed (N.C.) switch must be pressed to become inactive.
Different component symbols are used to identify the two types. Next >
Ladder Logic
Pressed Pressed
Ladder logic represents the relationships between inputs and outputs in a
circuit controlled by a PLC.
If only the green button or only the red button is pressed, the input
conditions will not activate the green lamp.
Next >
Ladder Logic
Pressed Pressed
When both the red AND the green buttons are pressed, the input conditions
will activate the green lamp.
In ladder logic, this is an AND function.
Next >
OR Functions
In this OR circuit, the
two normally open A N.O. Lamp
(N.O.) switches are
connected in parallel.
B N.O.
If neither switch is
closed, the circuit is Battery
incomplete and current
cannot flow.
If only one switch is Logic:
closed, current will IF switch A is activated
flow.
OR switch B is activated,
THEN turn on the lamp.
When both switches
are closed, current
will flow.
Next >
Ladder Logic
Pressed
Pressed
When either the green button or the red button is pressed, the input
conditions activate the green lamp.
When both green and red buttons are pressed, the input conditions also
activate the green lamp.
In ladder logic, this is an OR function. Next >
NOT Functions
In this NOT circuit,
there is a single Lamp
switch that is normally A
closed (N.C.).
N.C.
Current flows through
the circuit, so the Battery
lamp is on.
If the switch is
Logic:
pressed, its contacts
are opened and IF switch A is
current cannot flow. NOT activated,
THEN turn on the lamp.
When the switch is
not pressed, current
will flow. Next >
Ladder Logic
Not pressed
When the red button is not pressed, the input conditions will activate the
red lamp.
When the button is pressed, the lamp turns off.
In ladder logic, this is a NOT function. Next >
Question 1
Which of the following illustrates an OR function in ladder logic?
A) Green button Conveyor B) Green button Red button Green lamp
Red button
C) Green button Green lamp D) Sensor 2 Conveyor
Next >
Question 1
Which of the following illustrates an OR function in ladder logic?
A) Green button Conveyor B) Green button Red button Green lamp
Red button
C) Green button Green lamp D) Sensor 2 Conveyor
An OR function requires two inputs connected in parallel.
Next >
Question 2
How many of these ladder logic steps would activate the conveyor motor if
only the green button was pressed?
Give your answer as a number.
Pressed Pressed Pressed
Pressed
Not Pressed Out
Next >
Question 2
How many of these ladder logic steps would activate the conveyor motor if
only the green button was pressed?
Give your answer as a number.
Pressed Pressed Pressed
Pressed
Not Pressed Out
Next >
Truth Tables
Inputs and outputs for a Input Output
logic function are shown
Green Red Green
in this truth table. button button lamp
0 0 0
1 = True (active) 0 1 0
0 = False (inactive) 1 0 0
1 1 1
The relationship
between input and
output shows a logic
function.
‘If the green button is
pressed AND the red
button is pressed,
then turn on the
green lamp.’ Next >
Truth Tables
These truth tables show Input Output
the most common logic A B A AND B
functions. 0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
Inputs 1 1 1
Output
A
AND:
B Input Output
A B A OR B
0 0 0
Inputs
Output 0 1 1
A
OR: 1 0 1
B 1 1 1
Input Output
Input Output
A NOT A
NOT: A 0 1
1 0
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Question 3
This truth table states the input conditions necessary for the output to be
active. Which logic function is used?
A) AND Inputs Output
Coolant Coolant Warning
level low temperature high Lamp
B) OR
0 0 0
0 1 1
C) NOT 1 0 1
1 1 1
Next >
Question 3
This truth table states the input conditions necessary for the output to be
active. Which logic function is used?
A) AND Inputs Output
Coolant Coolant Warning
level low temperature high Lamp
B) OR
0 0 0
0 1 1
C) NOT 1 0 1
1 1 1
The warning lamp will illuminate if the coolant level is low, OR if the
coolant temperature is high, OR if both conditions apply.
Next >
Summary
In this presentation you have seen:
how AND, OR and NOT logic functions are defined and implemented
in ladder logic
truth tables for AND, OR and NOT logic functions
End