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Module I: Cognitive thinking
CREATIVITY FOR TEAM EXCELLENCE
1.1 What is ‘thinking’?
• In a general sense, thinking is the intentional use of cognitive
capabilities for some purpose. Such as to-
– Recall information
– Make sense of a stimulus
– Develop a judgment on someone/something
– Make a decision
• “I’m thinking.”
• what there is
• what is happening
• what our problems are
• what our options are
• what threatens us What does thinking entail?
• what is important
• what is unimportant Some common things we
• who our friends are assess while thinking:
• who our enemies are
• what our “history” is
• who we are
• who loves us
Contd
• Recall of relevant memories
• Comparison of new information with existing knowledge
• Integration of new information into cognitive structure
– Schema
• Encoding of new memory structure
• Potentially, action based on new structure
Thinking determines:
• what we learn
• how we learn
• what we think is important to learn
• what effort we should expend
• what we think is true
• what we think is false
• how things should be viewed
• whether our learning is of high or low quality
• whether our learning is deep or superficial
MIND BODY PROBLEM
It is the substance or the instrument through which the soul of
man functions in thinking.
• You may already be familiar with phrases which describe the mind-body connection
in day-to-day life such as something being a “pain in the neck”, making your “blood
boil”, having a “gut feeling” or being “heart-broken”.
• These examples all describe the way that the mind can affect the body
MIND BODY PROBLEM
2. How Mind is connected with Body?
The mind and the body are closely linked and affect each other. This is not the same as
saying your physical symptoms are ‘all in your head’ or not real. It means that your thoughts
and feelings can affect your body and physical symptoms can have an effect on what you
think, how you feel and what you do.
• ‘Fight-Flight’ mechanism
• Chronic vs. acute stress
• Digestive System Changes
• Skin Conditions
• Heart Symptoms
• Breathing Difficulties
• How Mind is connected with Body?
Physical Factors
---Stress Hormones Effects
Psychological Factor
--Thinking Styles: Positive, negative, Overgeneralizing, Self
criticizing, Predicting the future, Jumping to conclusions
Positive links between your mind and body
• Relaxation
• Exercise
• Positive events, pleasure and achievement
EUREKA moment!!
• Eureka moments feel like flashes
of insight because the often
come out a period when the
mind isn’t focused on the
problem, what psychologists call
a period of incubation.
Incubation is the stage where
people briefly step back from
their work
• Eg: Archimedes Principle
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• Let's share our eureka (AHA) moments..
Thinking skills Name of Institution
• Thinking skills are cognitive processes
that enable us to make meaning from
and create with information.
• They are habits of mind or thinking
behaviours that define attitudes and
dispositions of good thinkers.
• We can improve our thinking skills by
understanding specific types of
thinking, how they work, and practicing
to improve our thinking abilities. If we
become more conscious about those
skills, we become better as a person,
family member, and worker.
Hands on Name of Institution
• What words are closely related with thinking process?
Lower order thinking skills Name of Institution
• Lower order thinking is the foundation of skills
required to move into higher order thinking. These
are skills that are taught very well in school
systems and includes activities like reading and
writing. In lower order thinking information does
not need to be applied to any real life examples, it
only needs to be recalled and slightly understood.
If a person only obtains lower order thinking skills
they will not be prepared for real life situations
such as the labour market.
Higher order thinking skills Name of Institution
1. To understand, infer, connect, categorize, synthesize, evaluate, and apply the
information they know to find solutions to new and existing problems.
2. Equipping students to be able to reason, reflect, and make sound decisions.
3. Wisdom and judgment are crucial aspects
4. Meaningful learning :-Analyze, Evaluate, and Create
5. Individual ability be able analytical, creative and practical in his approach.
6. Equipping students to be able to identify and solve problems in their
academic work and in life
7. “Being able to think” means students can solve problems and work creatively
Discuss- hands on Name of Institution
• Language is essential to facilitate thinking. Express your
views.
Types of thinking Name of Institution
• Analytical thinking
• Implemental thinking
• Practical thinking
• Critical thinking
• Creative thinking.
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Analytical Thinking Name of Institution
• Analysis of the facts is required to prove or
disprove the hypotheses
• Analysis provides an understanding of issues and
drivers behind the problem
• Root Cause Analysis is an effective method of
probing – it helps identify what, how, and why
something happened
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IMPLEMENTAL THINKING Name of Institution
• Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or
practice of a plan, a method, or any design for
doing something. As such, implementation is the
action that must follow any preliminary thinking in
order for something to actually happen.
• In other words it is the process of putting your
ideas into act”
PRACTICAL THINKING Name of Institution
• Another term for thinking, knowing and
remembering. Does the way we think really
matter?
• Maybe by studying the way we think, we can
eventually think better. It actually depends on
thinking in a practical “Possible way”
Critical Thinking Name of Institution
• Critical thinking is a very important skill to
develop. Critical thinking , in general, refers to
higher-order thinking that questions assumptions.
• It is a way of deciding whether a claim is true,
false, or sometimes true and sometimes false, or
partly true and partly false.
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Creative Thinking Name of Institution
• Ability to produce something new through imaginative skill, whether a new
solution to a problem, a new method or device, or a new artistic object or
form. The term generally refers to a richness of ideas and originality of
thinking
• Creative Thinking is a novel way of seeing or doing things that is
characteristic of four components-fluency (generating new ideas), flexibility
(shifting perspective easily), originality (conceiving of something new), and
elaboration (building on others' ideas). (NCERT, Life Skills VII, P23) “Creative
thinking is a kind of thinking that focuses on exploring ideas, generating
possibilities, looking for many right answers rather than just one. The creative
person knows that there is always room for improvement.” (Robert Harris)
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• Creative thinking A way of looking at problems or situations from a fresh
perspective that suggests unorthodox solutions (which may look unsettling at
first). Creative thinking can be stimulated both by an unstructured process
such as brainstorming, and by a structured process such as lateral thinking.
Creative thinking involves students learning to generate and apply new ideas
in specific contexts, seeing existing situations in a new way, identifying
alternative explanations, and seeing or making new links that generate a
positive outcome.
• Ex.- Thinking up ways to increase the number of blood donors,
• This creative thinking process can be accidental or deliberate.
Activity: The grand solution Name of Institution
• What do you think is the biggest problem in the world
today?
• Write down the problem, and think about how you’d solve it if you had everything
you needed and anything was possible. Consider the questions that follow as you
dream without limits about a solution.
• What is the most urgent problem in the world today?
• What is the background of this problem?
• How did it originate?
• Has a solution been attempted before?
• Why has the problem gotten worse?
• What do I feel is the best solution for this problem?
• Why do I feel my solution will work?
• What would it take to make my solution a reality?
• What can I do about the problem RIGHT NOW?