Scribd
Upload
6 views8 pages

Introduction to SQL Basics and History

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized language for managing relational databases, enabling users to create, read, update, and delete data. It includes various functionalities such as data definition, manipulation, and control, and is supported by major database management systems. SQL has a rich history dating back to the 1970s and is recognized for its ease of learning and importance in IT professions.

Uploaded by

amna.faisal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views8 pages

Introduction to SQL Basics and History

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standardized language for managing relational databases, enabling users to create, read, update, and delete data. It includes various functionalities such as data definition, manipulation, and control, and is supported by major database management systems. SQL has a rich history dating back to the 1970s and is recognized for its ease of learning and importance in IT professions.

Uploaded by

amna.faisal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to SQL

• SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard


language used to work with relational
databases.

• • Used to create, read, update, and delete


data
• • Works with MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server,
PostgreSQL
• • Declarative language
• • Standardized by ANSI and ISO
Objectives of SQL
• • Data Definition (CREATE, ALTER, DROP)
• • Data Manipulation (INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE, SELECT)
• • Data Control (GRANT, REVOKE)
• • Data Integrity
• • Transaction Control
History of SQL
• • 1970: Relational Model by E.F. Codd
• • 1974: SEQUEL developed by IBM
• • 1979: Oracle released SQL-based DBMS
• • 1986: ANSI standard
• • 1987: ISO standard
Importance of SQL
• • Easy to learn
• • Handles large data
• • Supported by all major DBMS
• • Used in web and enterprise systems
• • Important skill for IT professionals
SQL Terminology
• • Database: Collection of data
• • Table: Rows and columns
• • Row: Single record
• • Column: Attribute
• • Primary Key
• • Foreign Key
ISO SQL Data Types
• ISO SQL defines standard data types for
compatibility.

• Numeric: INT, SMALLINT, DECIMAL


• Character: CHAR, VARCHAR
• Date/Time: DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP
• Boolean: BOOLEAN
SQL Identifiers
• Identifiers are names of database objects.

• Rules:
• • Start with a letter
• • Can contain letters, digits, underscore
• • Cannot use reserved keywords

• Examples: Student, StudentID


SQL Scalar Data Types
• Scalar data types store single values.

• Numeric: INT, DECIMAL


• Character: CHAR, VARCHAR
• Date/Time: DATE, TIMESTAMP
• Boolean: TRUE / FALSE

You might also like