Lesson 1
RATIO and PROPORTION
RATIO
Is a comparison by division of two quantities with the same units.
It can be written in any one of the following ways.
x:y
x to y
Note: Ratio of two quantities does not give the actual value of the
quantities.
Example 1
If B is between A and C and the measure of
AB and AC are 3 and 15, respectively, what
is the ratio of AB to AC?
Example 2
What is the degree measure of two
complementary angles if the angles are in the
ratio 1 : 3?
Exercise 1
[Link] is the simplest form of the ratio between
the sides of the two regular polygons that
measure 30 : 6, respectively?
[Link] is the measure of the smaller angle of two
complementary angles if their ratio is 2 : 13?
Example 3
If the ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2 : 3 :
7, what are the measures of the angles?
Exercise 2
[Link] the ratio of the angles of a triangle is 2 : 4 : 6, what are
the degree measures of the angles?
[Link] is the degree measures of the angles given that the
ratio of the angles of a triangle is 3 : 5 : 7?
PROPORTION
The equality between the two ratios.
An equation that equates two ratios maybe written as = or
a : b = c : d where b and d will not equal to 0.
These proportion are read as “a is to b as c is to d”.
Each quantity in proportion called term.
The two inside terms b and c are called means and the two
outside terms a and d are called extremes.
Examples of proportion
= =
Proportions can involve variables
= =
Fundamental Law of Proportion
In a proportion, the product of the means is equal to the product
of the extremes.
EXAMPLES:
3 : 4 = 9 : 12
4 x 9 = 36
3 x 12 = 36
Therefore the proportion is true.
It is possible to solve for the missing quantities of a proportion
using the fundamental law of proportion.
Examples
1. =
2. =
3. =
4. =
ACTIVITY NO. 2
Solve the following proportions in 1 whole sheet of
paper.
1.) 3 : 4 = a : 7
2.) =
3.) =
4.) 3 : 4 = 7a – 5 : 9a
Properties of Proportions
There are cases wherein a proportion needs to be replaced by another
proportion that has different but equivalent form. The following are considered
properties of proportions and are derived from the fundamental law of
proportions?
PROPERTY 1: The terms of a proportion can be inverted.
= and = are equivalent, where a, b, c and d are not equal to zero.
PROPERTY 2: The opposite terms of a proportion can be interchanged.
= and = are equivalent; = and = are equivalent, where a, b, c and d
are not equal to zero.
PROPERTY 3: On each side of the proportion, the denominator can be added to
the numerator.
= and = are equivalent, where a, b, c and d are not equal to zero.
Example
Solve for x in the proportion = using the
properties of proportion.
Activity no. 3
Direction: In a 1 whole sheet of paper, solve for the unknown term in
a given proportion using the properties of proportion. Show your
solution and indicate what specific property did you used.
1.) = 6.) =
2.) = 7.) =
3.) = 8.) =
4.) = 9.) =
5.) = 10.) =