BASIC

FIRST AID
PURPOSE:
it allows you to provide immediate,
life-saving assistance in an
emergency, stabilizing a victim until
professional medical help arrives,
preventing a situation from
Risk of not knowing the
basic first aid
It leads to worsened injury or illness
for the victim, potentially causing
permanent disability or death when
immediate action could have saved or
improved their condition.
WHAT IS BASIC FIRST AID?
It is the immediate,
temporary care given to
someone with a sudden
illness or injury until
professional medical help
arrives
FIRSTAID
PANGUNANG LUNAS
PANAGIPAAY TI
UMUNA NGA TULONG
 Key Principles of First Aid (Mga Pangunahing
I.
Prinsipyo ng Pangunang Lunas)
Assess the Situation (Suriin ang Sitwasyon): Check if it is safe to
approach the victim.
Call for Help (Tumawag ng Tulong): Immediately call for
emergency services if the situation is life-threatening.
Preserve Life (Panatilihing Buhay): Take steps to ensure the
victim's survival, which is the primary goal of first aid.
Prevent Deterioration (Pigilan ang Paglala): Prevent the victim's
condition from worsening.
Promote Recovery (Itaguyod ang Paggaling): Help the person
recover from the injury or illness.
II. ESSENTIAL FIRST AID SKILLS (MGA
MAHALAGANG KASANAYAN SA PANGUNANG
LUNAS)
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): Used to treat cardiac
arrest.
Stop the Bleeding: Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean
cloth to control bleeding.
Immobilize Injuries: For suspected fractures or spinal injuries,
stabilize the injured area.
Treat a Burn: Apply a soothing agent like aloe vera for minor
burns.

III. Basic First Aid Steps (Mga Hakbang
sa Pangunang Lunas)
 Ensure Scene Safety: Before providing help, make sure the area is
safe for you and the victim.
 Call
for Emergency Services: Contact medical professionals
immediately for serious situations.
 Address Immediate Dangers: Prioritize the victim's life-threatening
conditions.
 Provide Basic Treatment: Administer appropriate first aid based on
the injury, such as stopping bleeding or stabilizing a limb.
 Monitor the Victim: Continuously check the victim's condition until
professional help arrives.
 BASIC FIRST AID we need
to know
I. ASSESSING THE SCENE
Before approaching an injured
person, make sure the area is safe
for you and the victim
II. CHECK FOR RESPONSIVENESS
Gently tap the person and ask “
Are you okay?” to see if they are
responsive
 to determine the person's level of
consciousness and assess their
immediate need for medical help
III. CALL FOR HELP
If the person is unresponsive,
has a severe injury or a life
threatening condition,call for
medical assistance
WHEN CALLING FOR HELP,
1. Location
Provide the exact address, including
street name, number, and nearest cross
street.
For rural areas, give the full address,
distances from landmarks, and roads.
If on a highway, specify your direction of
travel and the last exit or town you passed
2. What Happened?
Describe the nature of the
emergency, such as a traffic accident,
fire, or sudden illness.
Provide specific details about the
incident to help the operator
understand the urgency.
3. Who is Calling and How
Many Are Affected?
State your name and the phone
number you are calling from.
Indicate the number of people
involved and their condition (e.g.,
"one unconscious person," "two
4. How to Handle the Call
 Stay on the line: and do not hang up until the operator
says it is okay.
 Speak clearly and calmly: to the operator.
 Answer all questions: the operator asks.
 Do not hang up: until told to do so. If you get
disconnected, call back immediately and tell the
operator that you were cut off.
 Follow all instructions: given by the call-taker.
 Meetemergency services: at a prearranged spot or
prominent location to guide them to the scene.
when calling for help?
1. Location
2. What Happened?
3. Who is Calling and How
Many Are Affected?
4. How to Handle the Call
IV. USE PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUPMENT
(PPE)
If available, put on
gloves to protect
yourself from
REASONS FOR USING PPE:
 Protection from infection:
 PPE, like gloves, creates a barrier between the first aider and potentially
infectious bodily fluids such as blood or saliva.
 Prevention of disease transmission:
 This helps prevent the transmission of infections (like Hepatitis B) from the
patient to the first aider, or vice versa.
 Protection from physical hazards:
 In emergency situations, PPE can protect against physical, chemical, and
biological hazards.
 Following universal precautions:
 Wearing PPE is a key component of Universal Precautions, a set of
guidelines to prevent infection by treating all bodily fluids as potentially
infectious.
Examples of PPE for first aiders:
Gloves: Protect the hands from contact with
bodily fluids.
Eye protection: Safety glasses or goggles
protect the eyes from splashes of blood or other
fluids.
Face masks: Protect against airborne pathogens
and fluid splashes.
Respirators and other protective
gear: Depending on the situation, more
comprehensive PPE might be needed.
SPECIAL SKILLS
OF A FIRST
AIDER
For cardiac arrest,
PERFORM CPR AND AED
perform CPR and use
Automated External
Defibrilator if one is
available
Immediately: If a person
collapses and is unresponsive
and not breathing normally,
the first step is to call
emergency services (911 or
your local emergency number)
and start CPR. After initiating
CPR, if an AED is available, it
FOR CHOKING, PERFORM
HEIMLICH MANEUVER
Perform back blows to help
dislodge the object
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-ND
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
For Severe
bleeding,
apply direct pressure to
the wound using a clean
cloth to stop the bleeding
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND
FOR BURNS,
cool the burn with water and protect
with sterile dressing
Types of burns
Thermal, Electrical,
Chemical, Radiation,
Contact, Friction, and
Flash burns.
1. Thermal burns:
Caused by contact with heat sources like flames, hot objects, steam, or scalding liquids.
2. Electrical burns:
Occur when an electrical current passes through the body, heating and damaging tissues.
3. Chemical burns:
Result from contact with strong acids, bases, detergents, or solvents that react with and destroy cells.
4. Radiation burns:
Caused by prolonged exposure to high-energy radiation, such as ultraviolet rays from the sun (sunburn) or X-rays.
5. Contact burns:
Happen from prolonged touch with a hot surface, object, or even a very cold one.
6. Friction burns:
Caused by intense rubbing of something against the skin, generating heat and causing damage.
7. Flash burns:
A type of thermal burn that results from the heat of an explosive blast or a sudden intense heat.
First Aid:
Call 911 or emergency services
immediately .
Ensure safety: Move the person away from
the cause of the burn.
Check breathing: If the person isn't
breathing, begin CPR if trained.
Cover the burn: Place a clean, cool
washcloth or damp, non-stick dressing on the
burn.
First Aid Steps for BURN:
1. Remove from danger:
 Get the person away from the heat source.
2. Cool the burn:
 Apply cool, not cold, running water over the burn for 10 to 20 minutes, or until the pain
subsides.
 If running water is not available, use a cool, wet, clean cloth.
3. Remove tight items:
 Gently and quickly remove rings, jewelry, and tight clothing from the burned area to prevent
them from cutting into the skin as it swells.
4. Cover the burn:
 Apply a sterile, non-adhesive bandage or a clean, non-fibrous cloth to protect the area. Wrap it
loosely to avoid pressure.
What to Avoid:
Do not apply ointments, butter,
lotions, or other home
remedies: like egg whites, as they
can trap heat, cause infection, or
irritate the wound.
Do not break blisters: if they are
small.

FOR SPRAINS/
FRACTURES
Immobilize an injured area
to prevent further damage
by setting a splint
FOR SHOCK;
If the person is showing signs of shock
Pale, cold, Clammy skin

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For the recovery position,
position properly in the
right recovery position
For asthma,sitting up
straight, possibly leaning
forward with arms resting on a
support like a table or a chair
,
For a person who is conscious and having
difficulty breathing, the Orthopneic Position (or
tripod position) is recommended: a sitting
position where they lean forward, resting their
arms or head on a table or their knees to open
the chest for easier breathing. If the person is
unconscious but still breathing, the first aid
Recovery Position is used to keep their airway
open and prevent them from choking.
For first aid during a suspected
heart attack, the individual
should sit down in a comfortable
position to reduce strain on
their heart, such as sitting on
the floor with their head and
shoulders supported by
cushions, or leaning against a
You are now an certified first aider!!!