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Ozone: Properties, Formation, and Uses

Ozone (O₃) is a triatomic, pale-blue gas formed from oxygen molecules through high-energy radiation or electric discharge, and it plays a crucial role in protecting life by absorbing harmful UV radiation in the stratosphere. It is a strong oxidizing agent with various applications, including sterilization and bleaching, and is typically prepared using a Siemens-type ozonizer. Ozone is thermodynamically unstable, decomposing back to oxygen, and has distinct physical and chemical properties that make it effective in various industrial processes.

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23 views11 pages

Ozone: Properties, Formation, and Uses

Ozone (O₃) is a triatomic, pale-blue gas formed from oxygen molecules through high-energy radiation or electric discharge, and it plays a crucial role in protecting life by absorbing harmful UV radiation in the stratosphere. It is a strong oxidizing agent with various applications, including sterilization and bleaching, and is typically prepared using a Siemens-type ozonizer. Ozone is thermodynamically unstable, decomposing back to oxygen, and has distinct physical and chemical properties that make it effective in various industrial processes.

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D.S .

JAYABHARATHEE

I - [Link]. CHEMISTRY

CORE CHEMISTRY -2
Ozone
Ozone is a triatomic, allotropic form of oxygen
(O₃), consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is a
pale-blue gas with a pungent odor, formed by
the action of ultraviolet rays or silent electric
discharge on oxygen, and acts as a strong
oxidizing agent.
What is Ozone?
•Ozone (O₃) is an allotropic form of
oxygen.
•It is made of three oxygen atoms (O₃),
unlike ordinary oxygen (O₂).
•It is a pale-blue, poisonous gas with a
sharp, pungent odor.
•It occurs naturally in the stratosphere
(about 10–50 km above Earth), forming the
ozone layer, which protects life by absorbing
harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the
Formation :-
Ozone is formed when oxygen
(O₂) molecules are split into oxygen atoms (O)
by high-energy radiation or electric discharge,
and then these atoms
UVcombine
electric
/ with O₂
discharge ​
O2​ 2O

O + O2​ O3​

Key Characteristics :-
•Molecular formula: O₃
•Molar mass: 48 g/mol
•Color: Pale blue (gas), dark blue (liquid)
•Odor: Pungent, chlorine-like smell
•Nature: Strong oxidizing and disinfecting agent
•Stability: Unstable, easily decomposes back to
O₂
How ozone is prepared ?
Ozone (O₃) is an allotropic form of
oxygen, and it is usually prepared by
passing oxygen through a high-
voltage electric discharge.
Laboratory Preparation of Ozone :-
•Apparatus used: Ozonizer (Siemens
ozonizer or silent electric discharge
ozonizer).
•Process:
•Pure, dry oxygen is passed through a
chamber fitted with electrodes.
•A silent electric discharge (about
10,000 volts) is passed.
•Oxygen molecules split into oxygen atoms,
which then combine with oxygen molecules
to form ozone.
Precautions :
•Temperature must be kept low (≈ 0°C),
because ozone decomposes at higher
temperatures.
•The oxygen should be dry, because
moisture reduces the yield of ozone.
Commercial Preparation of Ozone
•In industry, ozone is prepared
by using a Siemens-type
ozonizer on a large scale.
•Oxygen or air is passed through
it, producing ozone, which is
collected and used (for
sterilization, bleaching, water
purification, etc.)
Physical Properties of Ozone (O₃)
State and color :-
•At ordinary temperature, ozone is a
pale-blue gas.
•In liquid form, it is dark blue.
•In solid form, it appears violet-
black
Odor :-
Has a sharp, pungent smell (smelt
after lightning or near electrical
machines).
Density:
Heavier than air (O₃ is 1.5 times
denser than O₂).
Solubility :
Slightly soluble in water, more soluble
in cold water and organic solvents
(like turpentine, carbon
tetrachloride).
Stability :
•Ozone is thermodynamically
unstable; it slowly decomposes
back to oxygen.
•Decomposition is accelerated by
heat, light, and catalysts (like
OxidizingMnO₂,
power Pt).:
Strong oxidizing agent (stronger than O₂).
Chemical Properties of Ozone (O₃)

Decomposition:

2O3​→3O2​
This releases heat and oxygen.
Oxidizing property :
•Ozone liberates oxygen readily:
•Converts lead sulfide (PbS) →
PbSO₄ PbS+4O3​→PbSO4​+4O2​
•Converts potassium iodide → iodine
•2KI+O3​+H2​O→2KOH+I2​+O2​
•This reaction is used in
ozone test
Action on organic matter :
•Powerful germicide (kills bacteria and
viruses).
•Used in sterilizing drinking water.

Bleaching property:
Ozone bleaches oils, wax, starch, and
delicate materials by oxidation.
Action on metals :
Oxidizes metals like silver (Ag → Ag₂O), mercury
(Hg → HgO).

Explosive nature:
In high concentrations, ozone can
explode because of rapid decomposition
to O₂.
Thank

You…..

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