AMiT

Program:
Computer
Science​
G3 – CS
Java Programming

Instructor:
Addisu M. (Asst.
Prof)
2
Ch hre
rT

Streams & File I/O

ap e
te
3
Outline
0 Overview of Streams
and File I/O Classes
10
File and FileDialog

Java Programming
objects
2
0 Object I/O with Object
Streams
30
File Management
4
Introduction

Jan 9, 2026
 I/O = Input/Output
 Input can be from keyboard or a file
 Output can be to display (screen) or a file
 [Link] package contains all classes required for
input and output operations
 Advantages of file I/O
 permanent copy

Java Programming
 output from one program can be input to another
 input can be automated (rather than entered
manually)
 Streams are sequences/flow of data
 support many different kinds of data, including
characters, numbers, bytes consisting of binary 4
Introduction

Jan 9, 2026
 Files can be classified as either text or binary
 Human readable files are text files
 Data stored in a text files is represented in
human readable form
 All other files are binary files
 Data stored in a binary files is represented in
binary form

Java Programming
 Java provides many classes for performing text
I/O and binary I/O
 It uses the concept of stream to make I/O
operation fast
 In order to perform I/O, you need to create
objects using appropriate Java I/O classes 5

Introduction

Jan 9, 2026
• Text files: bits represent printable characters
 a file can be created and/or opened by text editor
(Notepad) and read by humans easily
 Everything in the file is character form. We can
think of the file as one long string, even if it is
organized into lines.
Binary files: bits represented in binary form, such

Java Programming
•
as executable instructions or numeric data
 Cannot be directly or conveniently viewed or edited
For by
Example
humans
• Java source programs are stored in text files and can
be read by a text editor, but Java .class files are
stored in binary files and are read by JVM (Java 6
Introduction

Jan 9, 2026
 Advantage of binary files are more efficient to
process than text files, because
 Binary file I/O does not require encoding &
decoding, but
 Text file I/O requires encoding and decoding
 E.g., number 123 is smaller in binary than in text:
"123"
 Text file consists of a sequence of characters

Java Programming
 E.g:, decimal integer 199 is stored as sequence of
3 characters: '1', '9', '9' in text file
 Java is UTF-16, that is uses 2 bytes variable
encoding for characters
 '1', '9', '9' would require 6 bytes to encode it
 Binary file consists of a sequence of bits
 E.g, decimal integer 199 is stored as one byte 7
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
 [Link] is the central class that works
with files and directories
 instance of this class represents
 name of a file or directory on the host file
system

Java Programming
 When a File object is created, the system
doesn't check to the existence of a
corresponding file/directory
 If the file exists, a program can examine its
attributes and perform various operations on 8
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
File
Constructors
Constructor Description
File(File creates a new File instance from a
parent, parent abstract pathname and a child
String child) pathname string
File(String creates a new File instance by
converting the given pathname string

Java Programming
pathname) into an abstract pathname
File(String creates a new File instance from a
parent, parent pathname string and a child
String child) pathname string
creates a new File instance by
File(URI uri) converting the given file: URI into an 9
abstract pathname
 File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Modifier Method Description
and
Type
boolean createNewFi It atomically creates a new, empty file named by this
File Methods

le() abstract pathname if and only if a file with this name

does not yet exist.
boolean canWrite() It tests whether the application can modify the file
denoted by this abstract [Link][]
boolean canExecute( It tests whether the application can execute the file

Java Programming
) denoted by this abstract pathname.
boolean canRead() It tests whether the application can read the file
denoted by this abstract pathname.
boolean isDirectory() It tests whether the file denoted by this abstract
pathname is a directory.
boolean isFile() It tests whether the file denoted by this abstract
pathname is a normal file.
String getName() It returns the name of the file or directory denoted 10
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
 We can perform the following operation
on a file:

Java Programming
11
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Create a File
 use createNewFile() method of file - returns
 true when it successfully creates new file and
 false when the file already exists
File f = new File("[Link]");

Java Programming
 This won’t create any physical file, first it will
check the availability of physical file with [Link]
or not
If it is already available then f pointing to that file
If it is not available this line won’t create any
physical file and just it creates java file object to 12
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
import [Link];
import [Link]; // class for handling errorsCreate a
class CreateFile {
public static void main(String args[]) {
File
try {
File f0 = new File("[Link]");
if ([Link]()) {
[Link]([Link]() + " is created
successfully.");

Java Programming
} else {
[Link]("File is already exist in the di
rectory.");
}
} catch (IOException ex) {

[Link]("An unexpected error is occurred.");

[Link](); 13
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Get File Information
 use several methods to get the information about
the file like name, absolute path, is readable, is
writable and length
 Description:
 we import [Link] package

Java Programming
 get the name of the file using getName()
 get the path of file
using getAbsolutePath() method of file
 check whether to write data into a file or not
using canWrite()
 check whether to read the data of the file or not
14
using canRead()
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Get File Information
import [Link];
class FileInfo {
public static void main(String[] args) {

File f0 = new File("D:[Link]"); // Creating file objec

t
if ([Link]()) {

Java Programming
[Link]("The name of the file is: " + [Link]());

[Link]("The absolute path of the file is: " + [Link]

ePath();
// Checking whether the file is writable or not

[Link]("Is file writeable?: " + [Link]());

// Checking whether the file is readable or not
15
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Write to a File
 use FileWriter class and its write() method together
import [Link];
import [Link];
class WriteToFile {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {

Java Programming
FileWriter fw = new FileWriter("D:[Link]");
[Link](“Writing the content into the File.");
[Link]();

[Link]("Content is successfully wrote to the file.");

}
catch (IOException e) {
[Link]("Unexpected error occurred");
[Link](); 16
}
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Read from a File
 to write data into a file, use the Scanner class
 create an instance of Scanner class and use
hasNextLine() & nextLine() methods to get data
from the file
import [Link];
import [Link]; // handling error

Java Programming
s
import [Link]; // for reading text files
class ReadFromFile {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
17
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Read from a File

while ([Link]()) {

String fileData = [Link]();

[Link](fileData);

Java Programming
}
[Link]();
} catch (FileNotFoundException exception) {

[Link]("Unexcpected error occurred!");

[Link](); 18
File Operations

Jan 9, 2026
Delete a File
 use delete() method of the file
 don’t expected to close the stream
using close() method because we neither use
import [Link];
FileWriter class nor Scanner class
class DeleteFile {
public static void main(String[] args) {

Java Programming
File f0 = new File("D:[Link]");
if ([Link]()) {
[Link]([Link]()
+ " file is deleted successfully.");
} else {

[Link]("Unexpected error found in deletion of the

file.") 19
Directories

Jan 9, 2026
 Directory – organizing structure of the
computer file system
 File organization structure is a hierarchical
structure involving parent and child
relationships just like tree data structures

Java Programming
20
Directories

Jan 9, 2026
 Directory – contain a list of other files and
directories
 use File object to create directory & list down
files available in a directory
 Creating Directories
 mkdir() - creates a directory
 useful File utility methods – used to create
 returning true on success and false on failure

Java Programming
directories
 Failure indicates that the path specified in the
File object already exists, or that the directory
cannot be created because the entire path does
not exist yet
 mkdirs() - creates both directory and all parents
of the directory, including necessary and non- 21
Directories

Jan 9, 2026
 Creating Exampl
import [Link]; e
Directories
public class CreateDir {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String dirname = "D:\\Educational\\Adv Prog";
File d = new File(dirname); // Create directory now

Java Programming
if ([Link]()) { [Link]("Directory is
created"); }
else { [Link]("Directory cannot be
created"); }
}
}
22
 Directories

Jan 9, 2026
 Listing Directories
 use list( ) method provided by File object to
try {
list down all files and directories available in
File fl = new File(" D:\\Educational");
a directory
if([Link]()){
String[] lists = [Link](); // array of files and
directory
array of file

Java Programming
names

for(String li:lists) {// for each name in the path

array
[Link](li); // prints file names
}
}
}
23
catch (Exception e) { [Link](); // if any error
 Directories

Jan 9, 2026
 Listing Directories
 use list( ) method provided by File object to
list down all files and directories available in
try {
a
Filedirectory
fl = new File("D:\\Educational");
pathname

if([Link]()){
File[] files = [Link](); // array of file paths

Java Programming
for(File f:files){// for each name in the path array
[Link]([Link]()); //prints
array of

array of pathnames
s

}
}
}
catch (Exception e) { [Link](); // if any error
occurs }
24
Streams

Jan 9, 2026
• Stream is a sequence of data that is read from
source and write to destination
A program uses an input
stream to read data from a
source, one item at a time

Java Programming
A program uses an output
stream to write data to a 25
Streams

Jan 9, 2026
Standard I/O
 All the programming languages provide support for
standard I/O where user's program can take input
from a keyboard and then produce an output on
computer screen
 Java provides the following three standard streams:
 Standard Input - used to feed data to user’s program

Java Programming
and usually a keyboard is used as standard input
stream & represented as [Link].
 Standard Output - used to output the data produced
by the user’s program and usually a computer screen is
used for standard output stream and represented as
[Link] 26

Streams

Jan 9, 2026
Standard:
import [Link].*;
Example
class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
[Link]("Enter your name: ");
// takes input from keyboard

Java Programming
String name =
[Link]().readLine();
//prints the name
[Link]("My name is " +
name);
} 27
 Types of Streams

Java Programming Jan 9, 2026

28
Types of Streams

Jan 9, 2026
 Byte Stream: used to read & write single byte (8
bits) of data, can handle any kind of data like Text,
Audio, Video, Images etc, further classified into two
– root classes
 The perspective is the program. (Do not confuse
direction as if it's from the file)
 InputStream: used to read data from various input

Java Programming
devices like keyboard, file, network, etc
 stream coming from the file into the program
 OutputStream: used to write data to various output
devices
 stream going into the file from the program
 Character Stream: used to read & write a 16 bit
Unicode of data, can handle text data only 29
 Types of Streams: Byte

Java Programming Jan 9, 2026

30
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 FileInputStream Class
 used for reading data (in bytes) from the files
 extends the InputStream abstract class
public class FileInputStream extends I
 nputStream
Create an FileInputStream
 we must import [Link]

Java Programming
package first
[Link]
Using the path toinput
file = new
FileInputStream(stringPath);
FileInputStream
2. Using an objectinput = new
of the file FileInputStream(File
fileObject);
All methods in FileInputStream are inherited from 31
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 FileInputStream Class
 read() - reads one byte of data from the input
 Methods
stream - implemented by its subclasses
 read(byte[] array) - reads bytes from the
stream and stores in the specified array
 available() - returns # of bytes available in the
input stream
 close() - to close the file input stream. Once the

Java Programming
close() method is called, we cannot use input
stream to read data
 finalize() - ensures that the close() method is
called
 mark() - marks the position in the input stream
up to which data has been read
 reset() - returns the control to the point in the 32
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 read() met
FileInputStream Class
import [Link]; hod
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
FileInputStream input = new
FileInputStream("[Link]");
[Link]("Data in the file: ");
int i = [Link](); // Reads the first byte

Java Programming
while(i != -1) {
[Link]((char)i);
i = [Link](); // Reads next byte from the
file
}
[Link]();
}
catch(Exception e) { [Link](); }
} 33
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 FileOutputStream Class
 used to write data (in bytes) to the files
 Syntax
1. Using the path to file
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(fileName);
//This Syntax will overwrite the contents.
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(String

Java Programming
path, boolean value);
//ThisSyntax will append the contents
value is an optional boolean parameter
 If it is set to true, new data will be appended to
the end of the existing data in the file
 Otherwise, new data overwrites the existing data in
the file
2. Using an object
FileOutputStream output of the file
= new 34
FileOutputStream(File fileObject);
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 FileOutputStream Class
 write() - writes the single byte to the file output
 Methods – implemented by its subclasses
stream
 write(byte[] array) - writes the bytes from the
specified array to the output stream
 write(byte[] array, int start, int length) -
writes the number of bytes equal to length to the

Java Programming
output stream from an array starting from the
position start
 flush() - to clear the output stream – forces the
output stream to write all data present in output
stream to the destination
 close() - to close the file output stream. Once the 35
Types of Streams: Byte

Jan 9, 2026
 write() met
FileOutputStream Class
import [Link].*; hod
class Filecopy{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception{
FileInputStream fis = new
FileInputStream(“[Link]”);
FileOutputStream fos = new

Java Programming
FileOutputStream(“[Link]”, true);
int ch;
while((ch = [Link]())! = -1){
[Link](ch);
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
} 36
Types of Streams:
Character

Jan 9, 2026
Java Programming
37
Types of Streams:
Character

Jan 9, 2026
 Character Stream: used to read & write 16-bit
Unicode characters/sequence of characters
 can handle only text, also called as Text Streams
 There are many classes but the most frequently
used classes
 FileReader: similar to Input Streams performing

Java Programming
reading operations
 FileWriter: similar to output Streams performing
writing operations
 Internally FileReader uses FileInputStream and
FileWriter uses FileOutputStream
 Major difference is that FileReader reads and 38
Types of Streams:
Character

Jan 9, 2026
 FileReader Class
 used to read contents of a file
 Two most commonly used constructors
 FileReader(String filePath) – gets filename in string
 FileReader(File fileObj) – gets filename
in file instance
 For both – opens the given file in read mode. If file

Java Programming
FileReader
doesn't fr=new
exist, it throws FileReader("D:\\
FileNotFoundException
[Link]");
int i;
while((i=[Link]())!=-1) {
[Link]((char)i);
} 39
Types of Streams:
Character

Jan 9, 2026
 FileWriter Class
 Creates a Writer that you can use to write
to a file
 Its most commonly used constructors are
 FileWriter(String filePath)
 FileWriter(String

Java Programming
filePath, boolean append)
 FileWriter(String fileObj)
 FileWriter(String fileObj, boolean append)
 They throw an IOException

40
Types of Streams:
Character

Jan 9, 2026
 FileWriter Class
import [Link].*;
class FileWriterDemo{
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception{
Striing source = “This is FileWriter

Java Programming
demo”;
FileWriter fw0 = new
FileWriter(“[Link]”);
[Link](source); 41
Exception Handling with
File I/O

Jan 9, 2026
Catching IOExceptions
• IOException is a predefined class
• File I/O might throw an IOException
• catch the exception in a catch block that at
least prints an error message and ends the
program

Java Programming
• FileNotFoundException is derived from
IOException
 any catch block that catches IOExceptions also
catches FileNotFoundExceptions
 put the more specific one first (the derived one) so
it catches specifically file-not-found exceptions 42
 Exception Handling with
File I/O

Jan 9, 2026
Example: Reading File Name from
Keyboard
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String fileName = null; // outside try block, can be used
in catch
try

Java Programming
using file{ reading file
name read name from
Scanner keyboard = new Scanner([Link]);
from the keyboard
[Link]("Enter file name:");
keyboard
fileName = [Link]();
reading BufferedReader inputStream =
data from new BufferedReader(new
the FileReader(fileName));
file 43
Exception Handling with
File I/O

Jan 9, 2026
Example: Reading File Name from
Keyboard
[Link](line);
// . . . code for reading second line not shown
closing the file
here . . .
[Link]();
}

Java Programming
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
[Link]("File " + filename + " not
found.");
}
catch(IOException e)
44
{
Exception Handling with
File I/O

Jan 9, 2026
[Link]()
 to get detailed message of the error
try
{
…
}

Java Programming
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
[Link](filename + “ not found”);
[Link](“Exception: “ + [Link]());
} 45
46

THANKS
!
Questions,
Ambiguities,
Doubts, … ???