WELCOME

FATHIMATH NOORA
Dept of Social Work
Social Welfare

 Social welfare is concerned with all those forms of social intervention

that have primary and direct concern with promoting both the well-
being of the individual and of the society as a whole.
 The many programmes that are designed to help people in need of
goods and services that they are unable to provide for themselves.
ADMINISTRATION
• Administration as “ a process and method by
which objectives of a programmes are
transformed into reality through a structure and a
mode of operation that make possible the
coordinated and unified work of people in the
movement towards the defined objectives”
(Arlien Johnson)
SCOPE OF ADMINISTRATION
[Link] problems:-
• The diagnosis of their causes and their treatment
through social reform and social legislation.
• Suggesting measures to make them effective mainly
through the creation of public consciousness and
opinion in regard to the social problems.
[Link] services:-
 aiming at the well – being of the general public through the
provision of health education, housing etc…and
 The upliftment of the disadvantaged and underprivileged and
vulnerable sections of the society.
3. Social security:-
Social security to compensate for the loss of income due to
unemployment, disability or death caused by accidents and old
age through social insurance and assistance.
[Link] Work: -
 Social work aims at helping people to solve their personal, family and
community problems
5. Social policy:-

• Social policy is a plan or action of government agencies which aim to

improve or reform society.
SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION
Social welfare administration is a process through which social policy is
transformed into social services. It involves the administration of
government and nongovernment agencies.
• L.D. White (1948) views that “the art of administration is the
direction, coordination and control of many persons to achieve some
purpose or objective.”
• John C. Kidneigh defines “Social welfare administration is the
process of transferring the social policy into social services and the
use of experience in evaluating and modifying policy”.
PRINCIPLES
• The principles of social welfare administration as given by Trecker are
enlisted below:
• The Principle of social work values: Social work profession rests on
values like equality, social justice, and empowerment. These values also
form the base upon which service delivery system of social work
administration is based.
• The Principle of community and client needs: The interventions carried
out by the social welfare/development agencies are based on the felt
needs of the community people or the target group. This is important for
the acceptability of the programme.
• The Principle of agency purpose: The agency should have clearly defined,
formulated goals and purposes and should work in that direction only
• The Principle of cultural setting: The administrator needs to understand
the socio- cultural setting of the community as it greatly influences the
service acceptance and in fact success or failure of the services.
• The Principle of purposeful relationship: Effective purposeful working
relationship must be established between the administrator with all the
stakeholders - the staff, other agencies, and the community people.
• The Principle of agency totality: An agency and its functioning should
be understood in its totality, which is crucial for development
administration.
• The Principle of professional responsibility: High professional
standards of practice and accountability and responsibility should be
maintained at all levels of service delivery. The principal is also linked to
professional ethics of social work.
• The Principle of planning: As a technical component, the process of
continuous planning is fundamental to the development of
meaningful services. In the context of development administration,
planning has to be participatory involving the service users.
• The Principle of organisation: The work of many actors should be
arranged in an organized manner and be structured so that
responsibilities and relationships are clearly defined.
• The Principle of delegation: Delegation of responsibility and authority
is an important aspect in the administration process and is practiced
universally in all types of administrative settings.
• The Principle of co-ordination: Coordination - within the agency, with
other stakeholders and outside social environment - is an important
component of administration which must be ensured for successful
implementation of programmes and services.
• The Principle of participation: Development administration
rests on people’s participation in the development process
right from planning to execution and evaluation of services.
Democratic participation is important aspect.
• The Principle of communication: Open channels of
communication are essential to the effective service delivery
including welfare/ development interventions.
• The Principle of leadership: Though democratic and
participatory approaches are must for development
administration, a visionary and transformational leadership is
equally important for attaining the goal to overall
development.
• The Principle of resource utilization: Resources are almost always
limited. Optimum resource utilization for maximum good is a must
and it is one of the prime responsibilities of managers and
administrators.
• The Principle of change: ‘Guided social change in the positive
direction is crucial for social welfare/development administrators and
planners.
• The Principle of evaluation: Continuous evaluation of intervention
processes and programmes is essential to the achievement of overall
goal of holistic development.
• The Principle of growth: The intervention designed should lead to
holistic growth and development of all the sections of the society and
should not be confined to betterment of select few.
Functions of Welfare Administration
The main administrative functions of a private or public social agency may be
divided into 9 activities:-
[Link] finding
[Link] of social conditions and of services to meet human needs
[Link] on the best ways of reaching the objectives
[Link] and allocating resources
[Link] up organizational structure and work assignments
[Link] the agency
[Link] and controlling personnel and finance
[Link] and accounting
[Link] financial resources.
Organizations
• “An organization is social group which distributes tasks for a
collective goal”.

• The word itself is derived from the Greek word “organon” itself
derived from the better known “ergon” as we know “organ” and it
means a compartment for a particular job.
• There are a variety of types of organization including: co operations,
governments, NGOs, International organizations armed forces,
charities, not for profit co operations, partnership, co-operatives and
universities.
Management
• All organization has certain elements of management have certain elements
of management in common. Although management is needed everywhere it
has special significance with respect to social organization.
• It is a set of functions directed towards the efficient and effective utilization
of resources for the attainment or organizational goals.
• There functions include forecasting and planning, organizing, commanding,
co-coordinating and controlling.
Definition of Management

“Management is the co-ordination of all resources through the process of planning,

organizing, directing and controlling in order to attain stated objectives” (Sisk).
Importance of Management
1. Maximum production at minimum cost:- Efficient management is achieve
increased production at reduced cost.
2. Optimum utilization of resources:- It eliminates all types of wastages and
leads to efficiency in all operations.
3. Helps in achieving group goals:- Management makes group efforts more
effective. It brings the human and material resources together to achieve the
objectives.
4. Establishes a sound (powerful) organizations:- Establishes a sound
organization structure with authority, responsibility and relationship.
5. Maintains equilibrium:- Managements helps an organizations took survive in
the ever changing external environment.
6. Provides innovations:- Provides new ideas imaginations and vision to a
organizations.
7. Social benefits:- Efficiency of management leads to higher and more
economical production or effective services for the society.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
• Public administration is an essential part of the society. If there is no realization
of public administration there will be no change in the society. Therefore, the
progress of any state is determined by the quality of the public administration.
• Therefore, the public administration makes plans and programmes that can be
carried out for the betterment of individuals as well as for the development of the
society.
• Public administration would mean to care for the public, to look after the public
and to manage the affairs of the public.
• Public administration deals with the doing or implementation part of the policies.
• Specifically, it is planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling of
government operations. Public administration is carried out by public servants
who work in public departments and agencies, at all levels of government, and
perform a wide range of tasks.
1. The knowledge of other social sciences – to understand man and society.
2. The organizational administrative structure of social services and social welfare programmes of central, state
and local.
3. Role of voluntary agencies (NGO) to supplement the efforts of government agencies.
4. Role of international social welfare agencies like UNICEF, UNESC, UNESCO etc…
5. Financial administration that includes collecting, budgeting – appropriating and expending public moneys.
6. Personnel management that involves recruitment policies, training career development etc…
7. Public relation – media like press, radio, TV to inform, to get feedback.
8. Public participation for the success of programme for their welfare.
9. Task of administration that involves POSDCORB
10. Research and evaluation studies which provide useful information on different dimensions of social
problems
EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL WELFARE ADMINISTRATION IN
INDIA

• It consists of two broad fields:

• Reform of society
• The Provision of special services to particular community.
Before 19th century reforms:
• Reform movements by the saints.
• Removal of social discrimination.
• In the administrative angle of India the kings like Ashoka,
Harsha,Chandragupta Maurya,Shershah and Akbar aimed at the social
need of people .
British period

• Social reform measures were taken on issues such as sati, prohibition of

widow remarriage, child marriage, idol-worship.
• The government or the rulers assumed only limited responsibility for
social welfare.
• Gradual changes in Indian society like urbanization and industrialization.
• Organized social welfare came into existence.
• These were mostly in urban areas.
• Gandhiji ,Raja Ram Mohan Rai focused on religious and social practices.
Most of the social welfare work was done by voluntary organizations
through volunteer service.
After independence
● Major problems of government was to provide shelter and food to the refugees.
● A few professional social workers also participated in this tremendous
humanitarian work.
Increasing role of state
The year 1950 marks a new phase in the role of the state in social welfare. It was
the year during which the Constitution came into force and the Planning
Commission was established to begin work on the planned development of the
country.
• Security was formed in 1960 after it mould MINISTRY OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND
EMPOWERMENT
• Each states and union territory have different welfare schemes.
• 1. Planning: Planning is deciding in advances what to do, how to do it, when to do
it and who should do it. It maps the path from where the organization is to, where it
wants to be. The planning function involves establishing goals and arranging them
in logical order. Administration engages in both short-range and long range
planning.

• 2. Organizing: organizing involves identifying responsibilities to be performed,

grouping responsibilities into departments or division and specifying organizational
relationships. The purpose is to achieve coordinated efforts among all the elements
in the organization. Organization must take into account delegation of authority and
responsibility and span of control within supervisory units.

• 3. Staffing: staffing means filling job positions with the right at the right time. It
involves determining staffing needs, writing job descriptions, recruiting and
screening people to fill positions.
• 4. Directing: Directing is leading people in a manner that achieves the goals of the organization.
This involves proper allocation of resources and providing an effective support. Directing
requires exceptional interpersonal skills and the ability to motivate people. One of the crucial
issues in directing is to find the correct balance between emphasis on staff needs and emphasis
on economic production.

• 5. Coordinating/Controlling: Controlling is the function that evaluates quality in all areas and
detects potential or actual deviations from the organization plan. This ensures high quality
performance and satisfactory results while maintaining an orderly and problem free environment
controlling includes information management measurement of performance and institutions of
correcting actions.

• Reporting means keeping the superiors informed about the various aspects of work including
progress of the various programmes, problems in implementation and problems related in staff.
Reporting is done at every level.

• 6. Budgeting: Exempted from the list above, incorporates most of the administrative functions,
beginning with the implementation of a budget plan through the application of budget controls.