At the end of the lesson, you
must be able to:
[Link] understanding on
human cultural variation, social
differences, social change, and
political identities
2. Discuss the significance of
studying culture, society and
politics.
3. Acknowledge human cultural
variation, social differences, social
change, and political identities.
What are the words
did you see ?
How many women
are there in the
picture?
1 2 3 4
5 6 7
8 9 10 11
12 13 14
15 16 17 18
How many are
holding a Philippine
flaglets
4 5
1 3
2
QUESTIONS
What issues and events
in our society/ country
that concerns you
today?
Cultural identity
refers to the identity or feeling of
belonging to a group. It is considered as
part of a person’s self-conception and
self-perception. It pertains to one’s
nationality, religion, social class,
generation, locality or any kind of
social group that has its own
distinct culture.
Cultural identity
As to cultural awareness, it connotes to the
ability of a person to recognize the different
beliefs, values and customs that someone has
based on that individual’s origins. This allows a
person to build a more successful personal and
professional relationship with others in a
diverse environment. In fact, a person’s state,
region or country of origin and local customs
heavily influence his / her cultural background.
Cultural Background
It consists of the ethnic, religious,
racial, gender, linguistic or other
socioeconomic factors and values
that shape an individual’s
upbringing. The cultural
background can be shaped at the
family, societal or organizational
level.
Cultural Background
Sociologically, people with different
cultural background need to interact
with each other. Such interactions
lead to strong relationships that
would help build diverse communities
and enable them to achieve
predetermined goals.
Cultural Background
For Example:
In the Philippines society, it is
necessary to work effectively with
people from different regions or with
those who speak a different language
to promote economic development
and other primary socio-cultural
undertakings.
Cultural variation
refers to the rich diversity in social
practices that different cultures exhibit
around the world. Cuisine and art all
change from one culture to the next,
but so do gender roles, economic
systems, and social hierarchy among
any number of other humanly
organized behaviors.
Cultural variation
Cultural variation can be studied across
cultures (for example, a cross-cultural study
of ritual in Indonesia and Brazil)or across
generations (for example, a comparison of
Generation X and Generation Y) and is often
a subject studied by anthropologists,
sociologists and cultural theorists with
subspecialties in the fields of economic
anthropology, ethnomusicology, health
sociology etc.
Cultural variation
In recent years, cultural variation
has become a rich source of study
in neuroanthropology,
cultural neuroscience, and
social neuroscience.
Society
refers to the persistent interaction among
members of a particular group like kinship group
and other Institutions. However, the boundedness
of groups is always relative and so sociologist may
refer to human society, where the reference is to
the interdependencies among all social groups, or
to subgroups such as family, society, where the
reference is to the typical interactions among the
individuals making up a grouping of close kin.
Gender and Sexuality
A common distinguishing factor of a
person’s cultural background is
gender sexuality. Gender refers to the
personal traits and social roles of the
male and female members of society.
Sexuality is the state of being either
masculine or feminine.
Gender and Sexuality
1. A person’s masculinity or manhood consists
of a set of attributes, behaviors and roles
generally associated with men.
2. A person’s femininity or womanhood refers
to a set of attributes, behaviors and roles
generally associated with women.
3. A person may experience identity crisis
when he / she does not accept or understand
his / her sexuality or is unable to understand
his / her status.
Socio-Economic Status
Another common cultural identification
factor is the level of an individual’s social
standing and financial position in the
society. This is known as socio-economic
status, a personal or families financial and
social esteem on the basis of income,
education, and occupation. Hence, it is the
totality of a person’s social position and
wealth combined.
Socio-Economic Status
The socio-economic class refers to the
status of every individual from the
sociological and economic points of view.
Social status means a person’s standing or
rank in the social ladder of stratification
based on prestige, power, popularity, etc.
economic status means a person’s place in
the society’s economic stratification based
on wealth, property, and total assets.
Ethnicity
It is a condition in which a
social group belongs to a
common national or
cultural tradition. The
adjective ethic relates to
large groups of people
who have certain racial,
cultural, religious, or
other traits in common.
Ethnicity
The Philippines are inhabited by different ethno-
liguistic groups converted to Christianity,
particularly the lowland-coastal groups, and
adopted may foreign elements of culture. Ethno-
linguistic groups include the Ivatans, Ilocanos,
Pangasinenses, Kapampangans, Tagalogs,
Bicolanos, Visayans (Masbatenos,
Hiligaynons/Ilonggos, Cebuanos, Boholanos,
Warays and Surigaonons) Maranaos, Subanons
and Zamboanguenos.
Civilization
- any complex society characterized
by urban development, social
stratification, symbolic
communication forms (typically,
writing systems), and a perceived
separation from and domination over
the natural environment.
Politics
- pervades all aspects of social and cultural
life. The ability of people to exercise their
rights and perform their duties as citizens
depends largely on the kind of government
they have. The state monopolizes violence
and provides security for the people and
its territory. The legitimacy of the modern
state is based primarily on legal rational
authority.
Politics
- Such legitimacy on source of authority is
based on modern laws and constitution.
Whether the state for self-interest is a
function of the political culture that exists
in a given society. Given that the
Philippines society is still beholden to
traditional family dynasties; its legitimacy
is often put under question by the public.
Culture
- is a dynamic system that does not stand
outside human beings. Culture is very
atmosphere that human beings breathe in
everyday life. It is so pervasive in its
influence that people hardly notice. Yet,
culture is not something static. It is always
in constant flux or change. As such culture
can be studied in different ways.
Culture
And many scholars of culture disagree
among themselves on the best way to
describe culture. Today, there is a
growing consensus among scholars
that culture cannot be separated from
colonial influence and the power
dynamics that shapes it, such as
gender and racism.
Direction: Describe the given pictures briefly.
1. 2.
3.
ACTIVITY 1.1
Picture Analysis. Write A if the pictures below are related to
Anthropology, S for Sociology and P for Political Science.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6.
ACTIVITY 1.2
GROUP ACTIVITY
Divide the class into 3 groups
Making a short skit
Direction: Recall the instances where you experience or see a
situation either Cultural Variation, Social Differences or
Political Identity occurred in a specific location.
Group 1: Cultural and tradition
Group 2: Socio-economic status
Group 3: Politics
RUBRICS
15 Points
ASSESSMENT:
Directions: Read each of the following item carefully and write only the letter
which corresponds to the correct answer.
1. It is occasionally called politology, a social science which deals with systems of
governance, and the analysis of political activities, political thoughts, associated
constitutions, and political behavior.
a. sociology b. anthropology c. political science
2. It is the study of what makes us human.
a. sociology b. anthropology c. political science
3. It is the systematic science of studying human behavior within the context of
societies.
a. sociology b. anthropology c. political science
4. It looks for patterns, recurring characteristics, and events.
a. sociology b. anthropology c. political science
5. It is a classical discipline that deals with the study of political phenomena.
a. sociology b. anthropology c. political science
TRUE OR FALSE
Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.
___ 6. Political Science is the study of social life, social change,
and the social causes and consequences of human behavior.
___ 7. Political Science the study of human social behavior.
___ 8. Anthropology looks for patterns, recurring
characteristics, and events.
___ 9. Political Science is the study of what makes us human.
___ 10. Sociology is a classical discipline that deals with the
study of political phenomena
___ 11. Political Science compares humans with other animals
(most often, other primates like monkeys and chimpanzees) to
see what we have in common with them and what makes us
unique.
___ 12. Anthropologist are group of people that share a territory
and a culture
___ 13. Anthropology tries to see social behavior by placing it in a
wide social context.
___ 14. Sociology is a science of comparison and teaching of
different types of constitutions, political actors, legislature, and
associated fields, all of them from an intrastate perspective.
___ 15. Sociology is a study of politics and power from domestic,
international, and comparative perspectives.
At the end of the lesson, you
must be able to:
[Link] understanding on
the rationale for studying culture,
society, and politics.
2. Adopt an open and critical attitude
toward different social, political, and
cultural phenomena through
observation and reflection.
3. Appreciates the value of disciplines
of Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science as social science.
PRE-TEST
Direction: Read the following statements/questions below and write your answer
on your
notebook.
I. Multiple Choice (1-5): chose the best answer by writing the letter that
corresponds
to your answer
1. The following are examples of expressions or greetings EXCEPT:
a. “Magandang buhay” b.”spasiba” c. Shalom d. “Allah
akbhar”
2. Which of the following are examples of Social difference?
a. poor and rich men b. the brother and sister c. tenants and slaves d.
the father and mother
3. The following are examples of culture except:
a. kissing the hands of elders b. greeting to the visitors
c. Eating pizzas on the cafeteria d. putting ashes on feet after
burial
4. The following are examples of social affiliation except:
a. fraternity b. barangay officials’ c. 4ps d.
SSG
5. The following are examples of social change except:
Directions: Analyze the given scenario which depicts a phenomena.
Answer the guide questions that follow.
Imagine you are living several thousand years
ago. Maybe you are a WIFE and a mother of three
children. Maybe you are a YOUNG MAN eager to
start your own family. Maybe you are a prominent
religious LEADER, or maybe you are a respected
HEALER. Your family has, for as long as people can
remember, lived the way you do.
You learned to act, eat, hunt, talk, pray, and
live the way you do from your parents, your
extended family, and your small community.
Suddenly, you encounter a new group of people
who have a DIFFERENT WAY of living, speak
strangely, and eat in an unusual manner. They
have a different way of addressing the
supernatural and caring for their sick. Everything
that this new group of people does is very strange
for you.
Guided Questions:
[Link] are your thoughts
about these differences?
2. As a Senior High school
student, what are the basic
concepts that we need to learn
for us to understand what is
happening around us particularly
those that occur in our society?
Sociology
- It is the study of social life, social
change, and the social causes and
consequences of human behavior.
Sociologists investigate the
structure of groups, organizations,
and societies and how people
interact within these contexts.
Sociology
Since all human behavior is social, the
subject matter of sociology ranges
from the intimate family to the hostile
mob; from organized crime to religious
traditions; from the divisions of race,
gender and social class to the shared
beliefs of a common culture.
Sociology
- is the study of human social behavior.
Sociologists may use quantitative
(measurable) or qualitative (descriptive)
methods to study how humans socialize and
organize themselves socially, as well as the
origins and implications of social structures.
Human social behavior is especially
interesting because Homo sapiens has
evolved to be a species dependent upon
socialization.
Sociology
Most infant animals require some
amount of care from parents, however
instinct serves as the driving force for
animals like deer and lizards. On the
other hand, humans are entirely
dependent upon the care and teaching
of others for the first several years of
life.
Sociology
- It looks for patterns, recurring
characteristics, and events. Sociology
looks for these patterns in a variety of
scales: sociology can be applied to two
people having a conversation to
differences and similarities between
nations. Sociology tries to see social
behavior by placing it in a wide social
context.
Sociology
Within this context, sociologists look
for patterns that reflect particular
generalities of the society. A
sociologist might study an individual's
behavior or actions to see how it fits
into the broader pattern of that
person's society and culture.
Sociology
Hence, all sociologists are interested
in the experiences of individuals and
how those experiences are shaped by
interactions within social groups and
society as a whole. To a sociologist, the
personal decisions an individual makes
do not exist in a vacuum.
Sociology
Cultural patterns and social forces put
pressure on people to select one choice
over another. Sociologists try to identify
these general patterns by examining
the behavior of large groups of people
living in the same society and
experiencing the same societal
pressures.
Sociology
Finally, sociologists are interested in
socioeconomic class and mobility, sexuality, law,
politics, religion, or linguistics. A sociologist may
choose to study any aspect of human social
behavior, so these are just some examples of
what a researcher might choose to focus on.
Where other fields of study, like Anthropology,
can tell us why humans are social beings -
Sociology tells us how humans are social beings.
Anthropology
- It is the study of what makes us
human. Anthropologists take a
broad approach to
understanding the many
different aspects of the human
experience, which we call
holism.
Anthropology
They consider the past, through
archaeology, to see how human groups
lived hundreds or thousands of years
ago and what was important to them.
They consider what makes up our
biological bodies and genetics, as well
as our bones, diet, and health.
Anthropology
Anthropologists also compare humans with
other animals (most often, other primates
like monkeys and chimpanzees) to see what
we have in common with them and what
makes us unique. Even though nearly all
humans need the same things to survive,
like food, water, and companionship, the
ways people meet these needs can be very
different.
Anthropology
For example, everyone needs to eat,
but people eat different foods and get
food in different ways. So,
anthropologists look at how different
groups of people get food, prepare it,
and share it. World hunger is not a
problem of production but social
barriers to distribution.
Anthropology
Furthermore, anthropologists also try to
understand how people interact in social
relationships (for example with families
and friends). They look at the different
ways people dress and communicate in
different societies. Aside from that,
anthropologists sometimes use these
comparisons to understand their own
society.
Anthropology
Many anthropologists work in their own
societies looking at economics, health,
education, law, and policy (to name just a
few topics). When trying to understand
these complex issues, they keep in mind
what they know about biology, culture,
types of communication, and how humans
lived in the past.
Political science
- It is a classical discipline that deals with the
study of political phenomena. Its goal is to
deepen human understanding of the forms and
nature of political action and to develop
theoretical tools for interpreting politically
meaningful phenomena. The discipline deals
with the traditional fields of public national life,
such as democracy, parliaments, politicians,
elections, and the government.
Political science
In a similar vein, political science is the
study of politics and power from domestic,
international, and comparative
perspectives. It entails understanding
political ideas, ideologies, institutions,
policies, processes, and behavior, as well
as groups, classes, government,
diplomacy, law, strategy, and war.
Political science
A background in political science is valuable
for citizenship and political action, as well as
for future careers in government, law,
business, media, or public service. Political
science is occasionally called politology which
is a social science that deals with systems of
governance, and the analysis of political
activities, political thoughts, associated
constitutions, and political behavior.
Political science
Political science comprises numerous
subfields, including comparative politics,
political economy, international relations,
political theory, public administration, public
policy, and political methodology.
Furthermore, political science is related to,
and draws upon, the fields of economics, law,
sociology, history, philosophy, human
geography, journalism, political anthropology,
and social policy.
Political science
Political science comprises numerous
subfields, including comparative politics,
political economy, international relations,
political theory, public administration, public
policy, and political methodology.
Furthermore, political science is related to,
and draws upon, the fields of economics, law,
sociology, history, philosophy, human
geography, journalism, political
anthropology, and social policy.
TASK 3
IDENTIFICATION:
1. It can evolve from a number of different sources, including
contact with other societies is_________.
2. It is an expression of an individual's belief system and social
affiliations. Various factors can construct an identity, including
race, nationality, where a person lives and a person's gender and
sexuality is______________.
3. It is also called as the people's voice in their
government______________.
4. It affects to a society that is not only shapes the human nature
of people in the society, but also casts people’s world outlook,
outlook on life, and values; social customs and ethical morality
are gradually formed is ___________.
5. To takes leadership to construct a path to success is an
example of________.
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE
(6-10): Write true if the statement is true and write false if
the statement is false and underline the part of the
statement that made it wrong and write/provide the
correct one.
6. Political democracy is express through running as a president in
the classroom.
7. Culture is a social customs and ethical morality formed in the
bit-by-bit process of cultural influence.
8. Involving the rallies in Luneta Park is an example of Politics in
democracy.
9. Technological advancement is an example of social change.
10. Social Alterations are the situations where people are
discriminated against on the basis of social, economic, and racial
inequality.
CLOZE TEST: 11-13. Provide the correct answer on
the statements below.
11. Political Distinctiveness is a measure of a set of
people with similar political ________.
12. The society refers to the determined contact
among_________ of a particular group such as kinship
group and other Institutions.
13. In the field of politics, the ability of people to exercise
their ______ and perform their duties as citizens depends
largely on the kind of government they have.
ESSAY 14-15: Provide a brief discussion
on the statement below.
Based on the learned concepts associated
with culture, how do you explain the current
“addiction” of Filipinos on K-Pop and Korean
telenovelas?
Task 4
Directions: Fill in the table with information about Sociology,
Anthropology and Political Science
Concept Nature Goals Perspective
Sociology
Anthropolog
y
Political
Science
TASK 5
Group Activity
Divide the class into 3 groups
Directions: Make a list of at least any 5 observations in your
community. Identify whether each of these relate to sociology,
anthropology or political science and provide a short explanation as
to how these are interrelated.
For example:
Local Government Units – Sociology and Political Science
Explanation: It shows how people work in an organization governed
through a hierarchy or structure.
RUBRICS