Input
Devices
Submitted by: Chhavi Gour
Submitted to: Ms. Saroj Agarwal
Course: Computer Graphics and
Animation
Input Devices
In computer graphics, input
devices are hardware components
or peripherals that allow users to
interact with a computer system
by providing input, which is then
used to control and manipulate
graphics on the screen. The data
can be in the form of text,
graphics, sound, and text. These
devices are essential for various
applications, such as graphic
design, gaming, animation, and
virtual reality.
The most commonly used input device is a keyboard. The data is entered by
pressing the set of keys. All keys are labeled. A keyboard with 101 keys is
called a QWERTY keyboard.
The keyboard has alphabetic as well as numeric keys. Some special keys are
also available.
1. Numeric Keys: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
2. Alphabetic keys: a to z (lower case), A to Z (upper case)
3. Special Control keys: Ctrl, Shift, Alt
1. KEYBOARD 4. Special Symbol Keys: ; , " ? @ ~ ? :
5. Cursor Control Keys: ↑ → ← ↓
6. Function Keys: F1 F2 F3....F9.
7. Numeric Keyboard: It is on the right-hand side of the keyboard and used
for fast entry of numeric data.
Function of Keyboard:
8. Alphanumeric Keyboards are used in CAD. (Computer Aided Drafting)
2. Keyboards are available with special features line screen co-ordinates entry,
Menu selection or graphics functions, etc.
3. Special purpose keyboards are available having buttons, dials, and
switches. Dials are used to enter scalar values. Dials also enter real numbers.
Buttons and switches are used to enter predefined function values.
Advantage:
4. Suitable for entering numeric data.
2. Function keys are a fast and effective method of using commands, with
fewer errors.
Disadvantage:
3. Keyboard is not suitable for graphics input.
A Mouse is a pointing device and used to position the pointer on the
screen. It is a small palm size box. There are two or three depression
switches on the top. The movement of the mouse along the x-axis helps in
the horizontal movement of the cursor and the movement along the y-axis
helps in the vertical movement of the cursor on the screen. The mouse
cannot be used to enter text. Therefore, they are used in conjunction with
a keyboard.
2. MOUSE
Advantage:
1. Easy to use
2. Not very expensive
Disadvantages:
1. Mouse cannot enter text data into the computer.
2. A computer can still be fully operational with the absence of a mouse.
3. Mouse cannot be used to edit specific parts of a document, thus its use
is limited.
4. A mouse has so many alternatives such as touch screen, light pen,
stylus, joystick and trackball.
It is a pointing device. It is similar to a mouse. This is mainly used in
notebook or laptop computer, instead of a mouse. This is a ball which
is half inserted, and by changing fingers on the ball, the pointer can
be moved.
3. TRACKBALL
Advantage:
1. Trackball is stationary, so it does not require much space to use it.
2. Compact Size
Disadvantages:
1. Need to be cleaned regularly for the ball to continue rolling
smoothly.
2. Tend to be more expensive than regular mice.
It is similar to trackball, but it can move in six directions
where trackball can move in two directions only. The
movement is recorded by the strain gauge. Strain gauge is
4. SPACEBALL applied with pressure. It can be pushed and pulled in various
directions. The ball has a diameter around 7.5 cm. The ball is
mounted in the base using rollers. One-third of the ball is an
inside box, the rest is outside.
Applications:
1. It is used for three-dimensional positioning of the object.
2. It is used to select various functions in the field of virtual
reality.
3. It is applicable in CAD applications.
4. Animation is also done using space ball.
5. It is used in the area of simulation and modelling.
A Joystick is also a pointing device which is used to
change cursor position on a monitor screen. Joystick is a
stick having a spherical ball as its both lower and upper
ends as shown in fig. The lower spherical ball moves in a
5. JOYSTICK socket. The joystick can be changed in all four directions.
The function of a joystick is similar to that of the mouse.
It is mainly used in Computer Aided Designing (CAD) and
playing computer games.
As compared to the keys on a keyboard, it can offer
greater control due to its flexible movements. A joystick
can also be more beneficial in terms of an input device
for people who have disabilities. At least one button is
contained by most of the joysticks in the front of the stick
for the trigger and another button on the top of the stick.
There are multiple joysticks that have other buttons on
the base. These buttons can be used with the help of a
hand, which is not guiding the stick.
Voice Recognition is one of the newest, most complex input
techniques used to interact with the computer. The user inputs
data by speaking into a microphone. The simplest form of voice
recognition is a one-word command spoken by one person. Each
command is isolated with pauses between the words.
6. VOICE Voice Recognition is used in some graphics workstations as
RECOGNITION input devices to accept voice commands. The voice-system
input can be used to initiate graphics operations or to enter
data. These systems operate by matching an input against a
predefined dictionary of words and phrases.
Advantages:
1. More efficient device.
2. Easy to use
3. Unauthorized speakers can be identified
Disadvantages:
1. Very limited vocabulary
2. Voice of different operators can't be distinguished.
It is an input device. The data or text is written on paper. The
paper is fed to scanner. The paper written information is
converted into electronic format; this format is stored in the
computer. The input documents can contain text, handwritten
material, picture extra. By storing the document in a computer
document became safe for longer period of time. The document
7. IMAGE SCANNER will be permanently stored for the future. We can change the
document when we need. The document can be printed when
needed. Scanning can be of the black and white or coloured
picture. On stored picture 2D or 3D rotations, scaling and other
operations can be applied.
Types of image Scanner:
1. Flat Bed Scanner
2. Hand held Scanner
Touch Panels is a type of display screen that has a touch-
sensitive transparent panel covering the screen. A touch screen
registers input when a finger or other object comes in contact
with the screen.
When the wave signals are interrupted by some contact with
the screen, that located is recorded. Touch screens have long
8. TOUCH SCREEN been used in military applications.
Because a touch screen is an input device, it must be combined
with a display, a computer, or another device to produce a
complete touch input system. Touch Sensor: It is a touch-
sensitive glass panel with a clear surface. It is positioned above
a display screen, with the panel's responsive area covering the
video screen's visible area.
The digitizer is an operator input device, which contains
a large, smooth board (the appearance is similar to the
mechanical drawing board) & an electronic tracking
device, which can be changed over the surface to follow
existing lines. The electronic tracking device contains a
switch for the user to record the desire x & y coordinate
9. DIGITIZER positions. The coordinates can be entered into the
computer memory or stored or an off-line storage
medium such as magnetic tape.
Advantages:
1. Drawing can easily be changed.
2. It provides the capability of interactive graphics.
Disadvantages:
1. Costly
2. Suitable only for applications which required
high-resolution graphics.
Light Pen (similar to the pen) is a pointing device which is used to
select a displayed menu item or draw pictures on the monitor screen.
It consists of a photocell and an optical system placed in a small
tube. When its tip is moved over the monitor screen, and pen button
is pressed, its photocell sensing element detects the screen location
and sends the corresponding signals to the CPU.
10. LIGHT PEN
Uses:
1. Light Pens can be used as input coordinate positions by providing
necessary arrangements.
2. If background color or intensity, a light pen can be used as a
locator.
3. It is used as a standard pick device with many graphics system.
4. It can be used as stroke input devices.
5. It can be used as valuators
THANKYOU!