GOOD MORNING
Mr Vinny Odini
Computer
studies Teacher
Class work
1. Communication system is a system where information
are exchange between two point, ___ and ____
2. ICT stands for?
3. GSM means what?
4. ___ and ___ are two types of communication
strategies in ICT
5. List two types of ICT you know
6. WAN stands for
7. GPS
8. MAN
9. ___ is the transmission of information over significant
distance, for the purpose of communication
10. Define ICT
Programming Language
Form the illustration of the definition
of computer system I will say that
the program here is the part that
is use to direct/update sense /
knowledge to the software to
operate very well, as it to say that
program is to direct the software,
then software to control hardware.
Knowledge is to sense and
sense is to brain.
Definition of terms
Program or Computer program is a set of related
instructions that tell computer what to do and how to
accomplish it. And this instructions are being
processed or execute in the central processing unit
Programming is the act of writing the computer
program. A person that writes the program is known
as Programmer
Computer language is a language used by computer
Programming language or computer programming
language is an artificial language that can be used
to control the behavior of a computer
I will say that Programming
language is a means through
which programmer communicate
with the computer (hardware and
software). And there are rules set
to govern how computer
programming language are
written and it is called syntax
and the meaning associated with
each word is Known as semantic
levels of programming language
machine language a computer programming
language that consisting of binary instructions
which a computer can respond to directly. It was
the first generation programming language. A
computer will only understand one language,
which is the machine language. There are two
symbols in machine language; these are 1 and 0
generally called binary digits or bits.
Advantages
Machine language makes fast and efficient
use of the computer.
It requires no translator to translate the
code. It is directly understood by the
computer.
Disadvantages
All operation codes have to be remembered
It is machine dependent
It is hard to amend or find errors in a
program written in the machine language.
2.A low Level programming Language is a
programming that provides little or no
abstraction from a computer’s
microprocessor
My own definition
A low Level programming Language is a
programming language that provides little
or no unnecessary information about the
programming concepts. It is very close in
writing actual machine language because
of the little or no abstract as the machine
language is only 0’s and 1’s
E.g
A low Level programming Language was the second
generation programming language and example of low-
level language is the assembly language . It is one
level above machine language. A program for translating
assembly language is called assembler.
Advantages of Assembly Language
1. It is easier to understand and use as compared to
machine language
2. It is easy to locate and correct error as compared to
machine language
3. Program written in assembly language executes faster
than that of high level language.
Disadvantages of Assembly Language
1. Assembly language, like machine code is also
machine dependent
3. high-level programming language are
programming languages that allow for
programs to be written in forms that are
readable to human beings. And because of this
readable nature the high level language are
with strong abstraction that tells about the
programming concepts.
The first high-level languages were introduced in
the 1950s. Today, high-level languages are in
widespread use. These include BASIC, C, C++
, COBOL, FORTRAN, Java, Pascal, Perl, PHP
, Python, Ruby, and Visual Basic.
e.g of HLL code
High Level Programming Language
Comparison of Machine Language, Low Level Language
(assembly language) and High Level language
Language Characteristics
Machine Language [Link] dependent
[Link] special code and the
assignment of storage location
Low Level Language [Link] dependent
(Assembly language) [Link] mnemonics(symbolic
operation code) and operand
(symbolic storage address)
3.1 to 1 language
High Level Language [Link] independent
[Link] instructions that seem
English like
3.1 to many language, i.e. for one
high level instruction, many
machine level statement may be
BASIC Programming Language
BASIC Programming Language BASIC stands for
Beginners All-purposed Symbolic Instruction Code. It was
developed in 1964 by Professor John Kemeny and
Thomas Kurtz to teach students at Dartmouth College. It
has undergone series of historical development, which has
resulted in several forms of the language.
Versions of BASIC
1. BASICA
2. GWBASIC
3. Torbo BASIC
4. Quick BASIC
5. [Link]
BASIC CHARACTER SET
1. Alphabetic Characters – A to Z
2. Numeric Character – 0 to 9
BASIC VARIABLES is a quantity that changes during
the execution of a program. It can also be defined as a
name that is used to represent some storage location.
Types of Variable
1. Numeric Variables
[Link] are whole numbers without decimal places.
Integer variable name are written with a “%” sign as
the last character. E.g. When a numeric variable name
is written without the % sign, it can take both integer
and real numbers
b. Real numbers are numbers with decimal places
2. String Variables: These are used to store alphabetic
and alpha-numeric values. A string variable name is
always written with a dollar sign ($) as the last
character. E.g. Name$=”John”
Rules for coding variable
1. In BASIC combining alphabets, numbers and decimal point (a
maximum length of 40 characters) may for variable.
2. No reserve word can be used as a variable name.
3. Special characters cannot be used for naming variable.
4. A string variable corresponds to string data whereas a numeric
variable corresponds to numeric data,
5. In a program, each variable is referred throughout the program by
its name.
CONSTANTS: A constant is data that remains the same as the
program runs (executes).
BASIC allows two types of constants:
1. Numeric constant: Numeric constant in BASIC is any signed or
unsigned number.
2. Alpha-Numeric or string constant: It consists of the combination
of letters, digits, and other symbols that is treated in a manner
completely analogous to numeric constant. They are enclosed
Rules for numeric constants
1. A number can have maximum of 8
digits
2. No comma is allowed
3. A decimal point can appear anywhere
4. If the value is quite larger it is
expressed in exponent form
5. No blank space, special characters or
any other letter is allowed in the
number.
Expressions and Operators
In programming, an expression can be
defined as the combination of operand
and operator which is to be evaluated to
produce answer. Operands are the data
items involved in an expression.
Operators determine the action to be
carried out on the operand in the
expression. For instance in the statement:
LET C = A + B, A and B are the operands
while “+” is the operator.
There are three major types of expression in BASIC.
They are:
Arithmetic expression
Relational Expression
Logical expression
Arithmetic Expression and Arithmetical Operator
BASIC arithmetic expression is used to represent
mathematical formulae in BASIC programming.
Below is a list of BASIC arithmetic operators:
Arithmetic Operator
SYMBOL NAME FUNCTION
^ Upper caret Exponential
/ Slash Division
* Asterisk Multiplication
+ Plus Addition
- Minus Subtraction
Arithmetic Expression
Mathematical formulaeBASIC Expression
Lbc L*B*C
ut+1/2at^2
U*T+1/2*A*T^2
2(lb + bh + lh)
2*(L*b+B*H+L*H)
PTR/100 P*T*R/100
Relational Expression: is used for comparison of
two or more data items. BASIC relational
operators are
SYMBOL NAME
< Less than
> Greater than
= Equal to
<> Not equal to
<= Less than or equal to
>= Greater than or equal
to
Logical Expression: is an expression involving
two or more relational repression joined by logical
expression. BASIC logical operators are:
i. AND
ii. NOT
iii. OR
EVALUATION OF ARITHMETIC EXPRESSION
To evaluate arithmetic expression, the following
order is followed:
PRIORITY OPERATOR
1ST Parenthesis I.e. ( and )
2nd Exponentiation
3rd Multiplication and Division
4th Mod and Inter Division
5th Addition and Subtraction
Correction on class work
1. Communication system is a system where information are exchange between
two point, transmitter and receiver
2. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology
3. GSM means Global System for Mobile communication
4. Synchronous communication and Asynchronous communication are two types of
communication strategies in ICT
5. List two types of ICT you know
Broadcasting. Telecommunication. Data network. Information system. Satellite
communication
6. WAN stands for Wide Area Network
7. GPS Global positioning system
8. MAN Metropolitan Area Network
9. Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distance,
for the purpose of communication
10. Define ICT can be defined as the use of diverse set of technological tools and
resources to communicate, create, disseminate, store and manage information
OR
refers to technologies that provide access to information through
telecommunications.