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Understanding Encoders and Decoders

An encoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts multiple input lines into a binary output, with only one input active at a time. It is used in various digital systems, including CPUs and priority systems, to represent active inputs in binary code. The document provides details on 4-to-2 and 8-to-3 encoders, including truth tables and Boolean expressions for their outputs.

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5 views12 pages

Understanding Encoders and Decoders

An encoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts multiple input lines into a binary output, with only one input active at a time. It is used in various digital systems, including CPUs and priority systems, to represent active inputs in binary code. The document provides details on 4-to-2 and 8-to-3 encoders, including truth tables and Boolean expressions for their outputs.

Uploaded by

waniaarif2024
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Encoder

• An Encoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts multiple


input lines into a binary output
• An encoder “understands” the active input and produces the
corresponding binary output, while all other inputs remain OFF.
• Purpose / Use of a Encoder
• Convert active input line into binary code
• Priority systems
• Digital systems (CPU, interrupts)
Basic Rule of a Decoder
• If there are 2ⁿ inputs, the encoder will have n outputs

Inputs (2ⁿ) Outputs (n)

2 1

4 2

8 3

16 4
4-to-2 Encoder
• Inputs: Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3
• Outputs: A, B
Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 A B

1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 1 0

0 0 0 1 1 1

• Rule: Only ONE input should be HIGH (1) at a time.


How It Works
• If Y0 = 1 → Output = 00
• If Y1 = 1 → Output = 01
• If Y2 = 1 → Output = 10 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 A B

1 0 0 0 0 0
• If Y3 = 1 → Output = 11
0 1 0 0 1 0
• Binary output shows which input is active.
0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 1 1
Logic Gates Used in a Encoder
• Encoders use:
• OR gates
• Why OR gates?
• Output bit becomes HIGH if any related input is HIGH.
Boolean Rules for All Outputs
(4-to-2 Encoder)

Output Boolean Expression Gates


Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 A B

A Y1 + Y3 OR 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 1 0
B Y2 + Y3 OR
0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 0 1 1 1
8-to-3 Encoder
• 3-to-8 decoder has:
• 8 inputs (D0 to D7)
• 3 outputs (A, B, C)
• Only one input is HIGH at a time
Truth Table (8-to-3 Encoder)
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A B C

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
Boolean Rules for All Outputs
(8-to-3 Decoder)

Output Expression

A D4 + D5 + D6 + D7

B D2 + D3 + D6 + D7

C D1 + D3 + D5 + D7

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