outline

mobile computing?
Mobile application development
Key Drivers for Mobile Applications
Attributes of Mobile applications
Mobile network technologies
Applications of Mobile Computing

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 mobile computing?

 Mobility: The capability to change location while

communicating to invoke computing service at some remote
computers.
 Computing: The utilization of computers to complete a task.
It involves both hardware & software functions performing
some sort of task with a computer.
 Examples of computing being used in everyday life: Swiping
a debit card, sending an email, or using a cell phone can all
be considered forms of computing.

What is mobile computing?

 Ability to compute remotely while on the move. It is possible
to access information from anywhere and at anytime.
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
mobile computing?

 Computing that is not obstructed while the location of it

changes.
 Mobile Computing is using a computer (of one kind or
another) while on the move.
 Computing on the go!!
 Mobile Computing is a technology that allows transmission of
data, voice and video via
 a computer or any other wireless enabled device without
having to be connected to a fixed physical link.
 The process of computation on a mobile device.
 Facilitates a large number of applications on a single device.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Principles of Mobile Computing
Portability: Facilitates movement of device(s) within the
mobile computing environment.
Connectivity: Ability to continuously stay connected
with minimal amount of lag/downtime, without being
affected by movements of the connected nodes
Social Interactivity: Maintaining the connectivity to
collaborate with other users, at least within the same
environment.
Individuality: Adapting the technology to suit individual
needs

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile application development
 Mobile device is replacing all traditional channels to access the
information.
 Mobile application development involves the process of developing
the applications for mobile devices such as Personal Digital
Assistants (PDA),tablets and smart phones and other mobile devices.
 Native mobile apps are designed to run on a specific mobile
platform, sometimes specific mobile operating system and supported
hardware.
 Mobile applications are part of main stream digital strategy for
Business to Consumer (B2C) enterprises.
 Most of the enterprises are now adopting “mobile-first” strategy
wherein the digital applications are designed, developed and tested
for mobile devices;

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile application development
 mobile users attain the primary focus in the digital strategy.
Disruption in mobility space has major impact on the
revenues for the enterprises.
 Mobile apps are shaping user experiences and are providing
real-time information and offer more engaging experiences
for the users.
 Mobility based digital strategy considers various things such
as user experience, performance, interactivity, device form
factors, device limitations, location needs and
personalization.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Key Drivers for Mobile Applications

The following are the key drivers of mobile apps:

Innovation:
 In mobile space such as proliferation of smart phones, higher
bandwidths offered by 3G (Third generation) and 4G (Fourth
generation) technologies are coupled with higher capacity
storage technologies with higher speed chips would keep
powering mobile devices.
Consumer behavior:
 Customers are more used to mobile devices and is easy for
them to access information on the move.
Personalized content delivery:
 Enterprise can leverage the location and sensors to offer more
contextualized, relevant and personalized content, offers and
advertisements.
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
 Key Drivers for Mobile Applications
Mobile ecosystem:
An explosive growth in Mobile Applications stores
such as Apple store, Google Play store, Windows
marketplace store was coupled with availability of
games, utilities and other apps.
Social Networking:
With the popularity of web 2.0 and social media
technologies such as Facebook, Twitter users are
increasingly using the location based features in the
social media platforms.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Attributes of Mobile applications
The following are the key attributes of mobile applications:
Ubiquity:
 Mobile applications are always available and connected and enable users
to access information anytime anywhere
User friendliness:
 Mobile applications provide responsive and interactive user interface
with essential information.
 They utilize the camera, sensors, media output, touch/multi-touch/voice
interface for providing simplified actionable information.
Location awareness:
 Mobile applications provide location sensitive information using Global
Positioning System (GPS) and other sensors.
Minimalistic:
 The content and features in mobile apps are minimal which are essential
for the functionality.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

The Mobile Computing components :
 Mobile communication
 Mobile hardware
 Mobile software
Mobile communication:
 The mobile communication refers to the
infrastructure put in place to ensure that
seamless and reliable communication goes on.
 These would include devices such as
protocols, services, bandwidth, and portals
necessary to facilitate and support the stated
services.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile
Communication
 The data format is also defined at this stage.
 This ensures that there is no collision with other existing
systems which offer the same service.
 Since the media is unguided/unbounded, the
overlaying infrastructure is basically radio wave-
oriented.
 That is, the signals are carried over the air to intended
devices that are capable of receiving and sending similar
kinds of signals

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile Hardware
 It includes mobile devices or device components that receive
or access the service of mobility.
 It range from portable laptops, smart phones, tablet PCs,
Personal Digital Assistants.
 These devices will have a receptor medium that is capable of
sensing and receiving signals.
 These devices are configured to operate in full-duplex,
whereby they are capable of sending and receiving signals at
the same time.
 They don't have to wait until one device has finished
communicating for the other device to initiate communications.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Mobile software is the actual program that runs on the
mobile hardware.
It deals with the characteristics and requirements of mo
applications.
This is the engine of the mobile device.
In other terms, it is the operating system of the applianc
It is the essential component that operates the mobile dev

Mobile computing by Mikru L. 12/25/2025

 Mobile software

 Mobile software is the actual program that runs on the mobile

hardware.
 It deals with the characteristics and requirements of mobile
applications.
 This is the engine of the mobile device.
 In other terms, it is the operating system of the appliance.
 It is the essential component that operates the mobile device.

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile software …
A mobile operating system, also known as a mobile OS, a
mobile platform, or a handheld operating system, is the
operating system that controls a mobile device or
information appliance: similar in principle to an operating
system.
A mobile operating system is the software platform on top
of which other programs can run on mobile devices
The operating system is responsible for determining the
functions and features available on your device, such as
thumbwheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with
applications, email, text messaging and more.
The mobile OS will also determine which third-party
applications (mobile apps) can be used on your device
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
 Mobile software

• Types of Mobile Operating Systems

9 Popular Mobile Operating Systems:
 Android Os(Google inc)
 Bada (Samsung electronics)
 Blackberry OS (research in Motion)
 iphone OS(IOS/apple)
 MeeGo OS(Nokia and Intel)
 Palm OS(Garnet OS)
 Symbian OS(Nokia )
 webOS (Palm/HP)
 Windows Mobile(Windows Phone 7)

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Android Os(Google inc)
• The Android mobile operating system is Google's open
and free software stack that includes an operating
system, middleware and also key applications for use on
mobile devices, including Smartphone's.
• It is most used mobile OS globally (71.77%) .
• Updates for the open source Android mobile operating
system have been developed under “dessert-inspired”
codenames(Cupcake, Donut, Eclair, Gingerbread,
Honeycomb, Ice-Cream Sandwich, froyo, lollipop,
Marshmallow,Nougat,kitkat, jelly-bean) with each new
version arriving in alphabetical order with new
enhancements and improvements.
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
Mobile OS: Android…
The most used operating system for mobile devices
worldwide.
The system architecture consists of:
• a modified Linux Kernel
• open source Libraries coded in C and C++
• the Android Runtime
• an Application Framework
• the Applications, which operate on it
• Written in C, C++, and Java

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Android OS Policies
• Android 3.0 or higher: The API supports the following native
policies:
 Complex password required

 Minimum letters required in password

 Minimum lowercase letters required in password
 Minimum non-letter characters required in password
 Minimum numerical digits required in password
 Minimum symbols required in password
 Password expiration timeout
 Password history restriction
 Maximum failed password attempts
 Maximum inactivity time lock
 Require storage encryption

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 iphone OS/iOS/Apple

 Apple's iPhone OS was originally developed for use on its iPhone devices.
 Now, the mobile operating system is referred to as iOS and is supported on a
number of Apple devices including the iPhone, iPad, iPad 2 and iPod Touch.
 The iOS mobile operating company does not license the OS for third-party
hardware.
 Apple iOS is derived from Apple's Mac OS X operating system
 Developed by Apple in 2007
 Second most used mobile OS globally (27.6%) and the most used in the US
(57.77%)
 Exclusively designed for Apple hardware
• Written in C, C++, Objective-C, and Swift

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Programming Languages for Android
Java
 Primary language for developing native Android apps
 Object oriented
 Has a huge set of libraries and tools built for it and also Android
development
Kotlin
• Combines features of OOP and functional programming
• Fixes a lot of unfriendly features of Java
• Interoperable with Java so you can use both at the same time and
makes migration easier

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Programming Languages for iOS
Objective-C
Used to be the default language to build iOS apps
Similar to C but object oriented
Swift
Introduced in 2014, it was an alternative to Objective-C
Default language to develop for iOS, macOS, watchOS,
tvOS

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Cross Platform Frameworks
React Native
 Open-source framework for developing mobile apps for both iOS
and Android using JavaScript and React in a single codebase
 Developed by Facebook and released in 2015
 Easy to use for web developers as it uses HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript
 It interfaces JavaScript with native UI components, so the
resulting app replicates a native app

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Cross Platform Frameworks
Flutter
 Open-source framework for developing mobile apps for iOS, Android,
Windows, Linux, and even the web
 Developed by Google and released in 2017
 Easy to use with a lot of features and components supported out of the box
 Uses the Dart programming language, which is kind of a mix between Java
and Kotlin
 Uses a graphics engine to recreate the feel of native apps but also gives
developers pixel level control
 The fast reload feature makes dev cycles much faster

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile network technologies
 Mobile network technologies have evolved significantly over
the years, enabling faster data speeds, improved connectivity,
and enhanced user experiences.
• Here's an overview of the key mobile network technologies:
1G (First Generation)
 Introduced:
 1980s
 Technology:
 Analog cellular networks
 Features:
 Voice calls only (no data services)
 Low sound quality and poor security
 Example:
 AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
Mobile network technologies
2G (Second Generation)
Introduced:
• Early 1990s
Technology:
• Digital cellular networks
Features:
• Voice calls and SMS (Short Message Service)
• Basic data services (e.g., GPRS, EDGE)
• Improved sound quality and security
Standards:
• GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), CDMA
(Code Division Multiple Access)

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

 Mobile network technologies
3G (Third Generation)
 Introduced:
• Early 2000s
 Technology:
• Digital with packet-switched networks
 Features:
• Mobile internet access
• Video calls and multimedia messaging
• Faster data speeds (up to 2 Mbps)
 Standards:
• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System),
CDMA2000
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
Mobile network technologies
4G (Fourth Generation)
Introduced:
• Late 2000s
Technology:
• All-IP based networks
Features:
• High-speed internet (up to 1 Gbps)
• Support for HD video streaming, online gaming, and
VoIP
• Low latency and improved reliability
Standards:
LTE (Long-Term Evolution), WiMAX
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
 Mobile network technologies
5G (Fifth Generation)
• Introduced:
• 2019
 Technology:
• Advanced wireless technology with higher frequencies
(mmWave)
 Features:
• Ultra-fast data speeds (up to 10 Gbps)
• Extremely low latency (1 ms or less)
• Massive device connectivity (IoT support)
• Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency
communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type
communication (mMTC)
12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.
 Mobile network technologies
Future Technologies (6G and Beyond)
 Expected Launch:
• 2030s
Features:
• Terahertz (THz) frequencies for even faster speeds
• AI-integrated networks for optimization
• Advanced IoT and holographic communication
• Global satellite connectivity

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Applications of Mobile Computing
Mobile devices are being used in various kinds of
applications:
Banking (check balance, make transaction)
Restaurant (order and payment)
Mobile Payment (ticket, vending machine)
Tourism: tourist guide
Education: mobile learning
Entertainment: interactive digital art
Scientific: controlling and monitoring

12/25/2025 Mobile computing by Mikru L.

Thank you

Mobile computing by Mikru L. 12/25/2025