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Virtualization
Name: Ahmed Mangi
Roll No: 22F-TE-07
Virtualization
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Virtualization is a technique, which allows
to share a single physical instance of a
resource or an application among multiple
customers and organizations.
It does by assigning a logical name to a
physical storage and providing a pointer
to that physical resource when
demanded.
Virtualization in cloud computing allows
you to run multiple applications and OS
on the same server, thereby providing for
Virtualization
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Architecture
With the help of Virtualization multiple
operating systems and applications can run
on same Machine and its same hardware at
the same time increasing the utilization and
flexibility of hardware.
The machine on which the virtual machine is
going to be build is known as Host Machine
and that virtual machine is referred as a
Guest Machine.
Hypervisor
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The hypervisor is a firmware or low-level program that acts
as a Virtual Machine Manager.
Hypervisor is a form of virtualization software used in
Cloud hosting to divide and allocate the resources on
various pieces of [Link] program which provide
partitioning, isolation or abstraction is called
virtualization hypervisor.
Hypervisor is a hardware virtualization technique that
allows multiple guest operating systems (OS) to run on a
single host system at the same time. A hypervisor is
sometimes also called a virtual machine manager(VMM).
There are two types of hypervisor:
Type 1 and
Type 2
Types of
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Hypervisors
Type 1 hyper visors run directly on the
system hardware. They are often referred to as
a "native" or "bare metal" or "embedded"
hyper visors in vendor literature. It dose not
require any base server operating [Link] has
direct access to hardware resources
Type 2 hypervisors run on a host operating
system that provides virtualization services,
such as I/O device and memory management.
Basically a software installed on an
operatingThey are often referred to as a “Hosted
Architecture" hyper visors in vendor literature.
Type-1 Hypervisor
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Hypervisors
Features of Type-1 and 2
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Type-1 Hypervisor:
provides better performance
provides greater flexibility
Servers that run Type 1 hypervisors are often single-
purpose servers that offer no other function.
Type 1 hypervisors are production hypervisors or
hypervisors that run VMs offering services to users.
support hardware virtualization.
Type-2 Hypervisor:
Less efficient
Less flexible
offer a series of different services.
rarely used in production.
perform software virtualization.
Virtualization
Types of
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Hardware Virtualization
Software Virtualization
Memory Virtualization
Storage Virtualization
Data Virtualization
Network Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization
Hardware
Virtualization
Hardware/Server Virtualization is the most common type of
virtualization as it provides advantages of hardware utilization
and application uptime.
The basic idea is to combine many small physical servers into one
large physical server, so that the processor can be used more
effectively and efficiently.
The operating system that is running on a physical server gets
converted into a well-defined OS that runs on the virtual machine.
The hypervisor controls the processor, memory, and other
components by allowing different OS to run on the same machine
without the need for a source code.
Hardware
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Virtualization:
Subty
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pes
Full Virtualization –
• The underlying hardware is fully simulated.
• Guest software does not require any
modifications.
Para-virtualization –
• The hardware is not simulated instead
the guest software run their own isolated
domains.
Emulation Virtualization –
• The virtual machine simulates the
hardware and becomes independent of it.
Full virtualization is a common and cost-
effective type of virtualization, which is
basically a method by which computer
service requests are separated from the
physical hardware that facilitates them.
With full virtualization, operating systems
and their hosted software are run on top of
virtual hardware.
It differs from other forms of virtualization
(like paravirtualization and hardware-
assisted virtualization) in its total isolation of
guest operating systems from their hosts.
Full virtualization
Full virtualization is
fulfilled by the use of
both binary translation
and direct execution.
In full virtualization,
guest OS is completely
isolated by the virtual
machine from the
virtualization layer and
hardware.
Microsoft and Parallels
systems are examples of
Para-virtualization
Paravirtualization is the
category of CPU virtualization
which uses hypercalls for
operations to handle
instructions at compile time.
In paravirtualization, guest OS
is not completely isolated but
it is partially isolated by the
virtual machine from the
virtualization layer and
hardware.
VMware and Xen are some
examples of
paravirtualization..
Hardware
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Virtualization:
Subtypes
Full Para Emulatio
Virtualization Virtualization n
Software
Virtualization
Software Virtualization provides the
ability to the main computer to run and
create one or more virtual
environments.
Used to enable a complete computer
system in order to allow a guest OS to
run. For instance letting Linux to run as
a guest that is natively running a
Microsoft Windows OS
Software
Virtualization :Subtypes
Operating system-level virtualization - hosting of
multiple virtualized environments within a single
OS instance.
Application virtualization and workspace
virtualization - hosting of individual applications
in an environment separated from the underlying
OS.
Service virtualization - emulating the behaviour
of dependent (e.g., third-party, evolving, or not
implemented) system components
Memory
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7 Virtualization
• Memory virtualization is aggregating random-access
memory(RAM) resources from networked systems into a
single memory pool
• Memory Virtualization introduces a way to decouple
memory from the server to provide a shared, distributed
or networked function.
• Enhances performance by providing greater memory
capacity without any addition to the main memory.
That’s why a portion of the disk drive serves as an
extension of the main memory.
Memory Virtualization:
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Subtypes
Application-level control – Applications access
the memory pool directly.
Operating system level control – Access to
the memory pool is provided through an
operating system.
Storage
Virtualization
Storage virtualization is the process of completely
abstracting logical storage from physical storage
Distributed file system, any file system that allows access to
files from multiple hosts sharing via a computer network
Virtual file system, an abstraction layer on top of a more
concrete file system, allowing client applications to access
different types of concrete file systems in a uniform way
In general, there are two types of storage virtualization:
Block- It works before the file system exists. It replaces
controllers and takes over at the disk level.
File- The server that uses the storage must have software
installed on it in order to enable file-level usage.
Storage Virtualization:
Subtypes 20
1. Block
Virtualization –
Virtualisation on
block level means
that storage
capacity is made
available to the
operating system
or the
applications in
the form of virtual
Storage Virtualization:
Subtypes
2. File
Virtualization
Virtualisation on file
level means that the
virtualisation entity
provides virtual
storage to the
operating systems or
applications in the
form of files and
directories
Data Virtualization
Data virtualization, the presentation
of data as an abstract layer,
independent of underlying database
systems, structures and storage.
Database virtualization, the
decoupling of the database layer,
which lies between the storage and
application layers within the
application stack over all.
Without any technical details, you
can easily manipulate data and know
how it is formatted or where it is
physically located. It decreases the
data errors and workload.
Network
Virtualization
Network virtualization is creation of a virtualized
network addressing space within or across
network subnets
Virtual private network (VPN) is a network
protocol that replaces the actual wire or other
physical media in a network with an abstract
layer, allowing a network to be created over the
Internet
The intended result of network virtualization
provides improved network productivity and
efficiency.
Network
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Virtualization :Subtypes
Internal network:
Enables a single
system to function
like a network
External
network:
Consolidation of
multiple
networks into a
single one, or
Desktop
Virtualization
Desktop virtualization is the concept of separating the
logical desktop from the physical machine.
As one can access remotely, you are able to work from
any location and on any PC.
Provides the work convenience and security.
Provides a lot of flexibility for employees to work from
home or on the go.
Protects confidential data from being lost or stolen by
keeping it safe on central servers.
Types of
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Virtualization:
Glan At a
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ce
Benefits of Virtualization
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Easily outsource your hardware and eliminate
any energy costs associated with its operation.
the efficiency, security and cost advantages.
Run operating systems where the
physical hardware is unavailable.
Easier to create new machines, backup
machines, etc.
Software testing using “clean” installs of
operating systems and software
Emulate more machines than are physically
available.
Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host.