00000
CONSTRUCTION
37;8*+69-9-
EQUIPMENT
AND METHODS
CEng 5602
For 5 Yr. Reg.
th
st’s
By-A.E
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CHAPTER ONE- INTRODUCTION
General Introduction
Types of Construction Equipments
Selection of construction
equipments
Properties of soil
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Match the following Equipments with
their picture
Earth Work Equipments
------1. Dump truck
------2. Graders
------3. Loaders
------4. Draglines
------5. Scrapers
------6. Excavators
------7. Shovels
------8. Rollers
H
------9. Clamshells
------10. Dozers
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Types of construction equipment
Classify
Classify Construction
Construction Equipments
Equipments
i.
i. Based
Based On
On Work
Work Cycle
Cycle
A. Intermittent type B. Continuous flow type
has a continuous flow of work turned out.
operated on series of work cycles each
of which is complete cycle in itself. i. air compressors
ii. belt conveyors
i. bull dozer
C. Mixed type
ii. scraper These have the
iii. power Shovels characteristics of both
intermittent and continuous
iv. concrete Mixers
types.
v. drag lines i. motor graders
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Types
Equipments can also be classified into:
Productive and
Support equipments.
Based on standardization of the machine
Standard Equipment
Special Equipment
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Types
Advantages of Standard Equipment
It is easily available.
Replacement parts are readily available from the
manufacturer.
It can be used economically on more than one project
It is easily used for variety of applications
the initial cost in respect of standard machines is much less
than that in a special equipment
It can be disposed off easily at an attractive resale price.
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Types
based on the type of works involved
Earth works equipments,
Bulldozers, Shovels, Clamshells and Draglines, Loaders,
Graders, Scrappers, Rollers, Drills, Grouting pumps, Pile
driving and Hammers.
Hauling and Hoisting equipments and
Tractors, Normal and Dump trucks, Hoists, Conveyors and
Cranes.
Pumping Equipments
Pumps, Hozzes, Pipes, and Compressors.
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Types
Construction plant on the other hand include
Aggregate production plants,
Crushers, Screens, Conveyors, and Feeders.
Asphalt mixing plant and
Aggregate Batchers, Bitumen Emulsifier, and
Mixers.
Concrete Batching Plants and
Feeders, Mixers, and Silos
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Selection of Equipment
considerations in the process of equipment selection.
1. Suitability for Job Conditions
2. Size of the Equipment
3. Standardization
4. Availability of Equipment in the market.
5. Availability of Spare Parts
6. Multipurpose Equipments (Versatility).
7. Availability of Know-how
8. Use in Future projects
9. The Economical Aspects
10. Reliability of the Equipment
11. Service Support
12. Operating Requirements
13. Past performance
14. Warranty or guarantee offered by the manufacturer.
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Choice of Excavation Equipment for Building
Site Excavation depends on:
» Size of the job: - Bucket Size and Number of Excavators
» Activity time constraints: - Number of equipment
» Availability of equipment:
» Cost of transportation of equipment:
» Type of excavation:
» Soil characteristics:
» Geometric characteristics of elements of the soil to be excavated:
» Space constraints:
» Characteristics of haul units:
» Location of dumping areas:
» Weather and temperature:
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Soil
Soil Volume
Volume Change
Change Characteristics
Characteristics
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Relationship
Relationship between
between the
the three
three states
states
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Soil Volume Change Characteristics
Load and Shrinkage Factors:
Bank cubic meter is most commonly used
A factor used for conversion of bank volume to
compacted volume is sometimes referred to as shrinkage
factor and Loose volume is multiplied by the load factor
to obtain bank volume
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Example
1. A soil weighs 1163kg/LCM, 1661kg/BCM, and
2077 kg/CCM.
a. Find the load factor and shrinkage factor for
the soil.
b. How many bank cubic meters (BCM) and
compacted cubic meters (CCM) are contained
in 1 million loose cubic meters (LCM) of this
soil?
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QUESTI
ON
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