Scatter Plot and Pearson r
Activity: Tell whether the following are related to
each other. Determine the independent and
dependent variable.
1. Time spent for studies and scores in examination.
2. Height and weight of babies.
3. Number of FB story and scores in Statistics
4. Time spent playing ML and scores in Statistics Exam
5. Number of Performance Tasks and Level of Stress.
6. Level of Knowledge in taking Medicine and Level of
Practice.
7. Temperature in degree Celsius in private resort and
number of guest
8. Cost of notebooks and number of books.
Scatter Plots
Scatter Plot
• A scatter plot is a graph of a collection of
ordered pairs (x,y).
• It is a diagrams that are used to show the
degree and pattern of relationship between two
sets of data.
• The graph looks like a bunch of dots, but some
of the graphs are a general shape or move in a
general direction.
Positive Correlation
• If the x-coordinates and the
y-coordinates both
increase, then it is
POSITIVE CORRELATION.
• This means that both are
going up, and they are
related.
Positive Correlation
• If you look at the age of a child and the
child’s height, you will find that as the
child gets older, the child gets taller.
Because both are going up, it is
positive correlation.
Age 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Height 25 31 34 36 40 41 47 55
“
Negative Correlation
• If the x-coordinates and the y-
coordinates have one
increasing and one
decreasing, then it is
NEGATIVE CORRELATION.
• This means that 1 is going up
and 1 is going down, making
a downhill graph. This means
the two are related as
opposites.
Negative Correlation
• If you look at the age of your family’s car and
its value, you will find as the car gets older, the
car is worth less. This is negative correlation.
Age of 1 2 3 4 5
car
Value 1,300,000 1,070,000 923,500 818,700 715,350
No Correlation
• If there seems to be
no pattern, and the
points looked
scattered, then it is no
correlation.
• This means the two
are not related.
No Correlation
• If you look at the size
shoe a baseball player
wears, and their batting
average, you will find that
the shoe size does not
make the player better or
worse, then are not
related.
Scatterplots
Which scatterplots below show a linear trend?
a) c) Negative e)
Correlation
Positive
Correlation
b) d) f)
Constant
Correlation
Objective - To plot data points in the coordinate
plane and interpret scatter plots.
Sport Utility Vehicles y
(SUVs) Sales in U.S. 5
Vehicle Sales (Millions)
Year Sales (in Millions)
4
1991 0.9
1992 1.1 3
1993 1.4
2
1994 1.6
1995 1.7
1
1996 2.1
1997 2.4
1998 2.7 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 x
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
1999 3.2 Year
Scatterplot - a coordinate graph of data points.
Trend appears linear. y
5
Vehicle Sales (Millions)
Trend is increasing. 4
3
Year
SUV Sales 2
Positive correlation. 1
Predict the sales in 2001. 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 x
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Year
Plot the data on the graph such that homework time
is on the y-axis and TV time is on the x-axis..
Time Spent Time Spent
Student Watching TV on Homework
Sam 30 min. 180 min.
Jon 45 min. 150 min.
Lara 120 min. 90 min.
Darren 240 min. 30 min.
Megan 90 min. 90 min.
Pia 150 min. 90 min.
Crystal 180 min. 90 min.
Plot the data on the graph such that homework time
is on the y-axis and TV time is on the x-axis.
TV Homework 240
30 min. 180 min. 210
45 min. 150 min. 180
Homework
120 min. 90 min.
Time on 150
120
240 min. 30 min.
90
90 min. 120 min.
60
150 min. 120 min. 30
180 min. 90 min.
30 90 150 210
60 120 180 240
Time Watching TV
Describe the relationship between time spent on
homework and time spent watching TV.
Trend appears linear.
240
Trend is decreasing. 210
180
Homework
Time on 150
120
90
Time on TV 60
30
Time on HW
30 90 150 210
Negative correlation. 60 120 180 240
Time Watching TV
PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
(Pearson r)
Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficient
• It is denoted by r, measures the strength of the linear
relationship.
• To find the value of r, the following formula is used:
𝑛 ( ∑ 𝑥𝑦 )− ( ∑ 𝑥 )( ∑ 𝑦)
𝑟=
√¿¿¿
Pearson Product Moment Correlation
Coefficient
• The table below shows the interpertation of r can be
used in interpreting the linear relationship existing
between two variables.
Values of r Strength of Correlation
+1 / -1 Perfect Positive/Negative correlation
Strong Positive/Negative Correlation
Moderately Positive/Negative Correlation
Weak Positive/Negative Correlation
Negligible Positive/Negative Correlation
0 No Correlation
Examples:
1. The table below Hours Spent (x) Scores in test (y)
shows the time in
hours spent studying 1 5
2 10
(x) by six grade 11
3 15
students and their 4 15
scores on a test (y). 5 25
Solve the value of r. 6 35
Examples:
2. The table below Number of Selfies Scores in test (y)
(x)
shows the number of
selfies (x) and their 1 25
2 5
scores on a science
3 20
test (y). Solve the 4 40
value of r. 5 25
6 9