Introduction to Technology
Management
Prepared By:
Name: Deebas Lamgade
Exam Roll No.: 80241021
Subject: Technology Management
Program: Master of e-Governance (3rd Semester)
Concept of Technology
• Technology = application of knowledge to solve real-world problems.
• Includes knowledge, skills, tools, methods and system used to create goods
or provide services.
• Components:
– Hardware- physical tools/equipment
– Software- programs/information
– Brainware- human knowledge and skills
• Nepal Context:
– ICT Policy 2015 promotes use of technology in governance, business, and
education.
– Digital Nepal Framework 2019 recognizes technology as a national development
enabler.
Concept of Technology
Management
• Definition: Process of planning, developing, implementing, and
managing technology to achieve business goals.
• Combines engineering, science, and management to increase
competitiveness.
Evolution and Growth of
Technology
• From Stone Age tools → Industrial Revolution → AI and 5G
era.
• In Nepal:
– 1990s: Telecom & Internet introduced.
– 2000s: Expansion of mobile and computer use.
– 2010s: E-banking, digital payments, automation.
– 2020s: AI, IoT, and e-governance.
Role and Significance of
Technology Management
• Enables firms to survive and grow in a completive market.
• Boosts productivity and service quality.
• Reduce cost, improves competitiveness.
• Links innovation with strategy for efficiency and
profitability.
Impact of Technology on Business
• Positive:
– Improved efficiency, decision-making and automation in the area of
education, healthcare, communication, online jobs, digital payments and
e-governance.
• Negative:
– Job displacement, cybercrime, data misuse, health issues.
• Nepal Evidence:
– NRB Payment System Directives 2021 – legalizes QR and e-payment
platforms.
– Company Act 2006 and Electronic Transaction Act 2008 enable e-
documentation and online operations.
Impact of Technology on Society
• Positive:
– Digital health systems (Hamro Swasthya App).
– Online education (eLearning portal of MoEST, MIDAS education).
– Increased access to digital banking (eSewa, Khalti).
• Negative:
– Cybercrime rise (addressed under Cybercrime Section 47, ETA
2008).
– Digital divide between urban and rural areas.
– Privacy concerns
Forms of Technology
• Process Technology:
– Concerned with how products or services are made.
– Technology used to make goods or services
– Example: Online ticketing system, ATM process, QR code
payment.
• Product Technology:
– Concerned with what is produced.
– Technology used in the product itself
– Example: eSewa app, smartphones, software applications.
Case Study: Digital Payment
System in Nepal
• Organization: Nepal Rastra Bank (NRB)
• Policy Base:
– Digital Nepal Framework 2019
– NRB Payment System Directive 2021
• Objective:
– Promote digital transactions for financial inclusion,
transparency, and cashless economy through systems like
Mobile Banking, ConnectIPS, eSewa, Khalti, etc.
Key Problems
• Low adoption in rural areas.
• Limited internet and digital literacy.
• Cybersecurity risks and fraud.
• Lack of coordination among service providers.
• Trust issues with online transactions.
Why these problems exist
• Poor ICT infrastructure
• Traditional cash-based economy
• Lack of awareness about digital security
• Limited research and development (R&D) investment in
fintech by private sector.
• Weak enforcement of Electronic Transaction Act.
Proposed Solution
Integrated National Digital Financial Strategy
• Combine infrastructure expansion, literacy programs, and
cybersecurity regulation.
• Backed by:
– Digital Nepal Framework 2019
– NRB Payment Vision 2025
• Implement through Public–Private Partnership (PPP).
• Key Actions:
– Train local entrepreneurs and citizens.
– Strengthen NRB monitoring system.
– Encourage fintech innovation in rural areas.
Recommendations
• Pass Data Protection Act and Cybersecurity Bill to ensure
safety.
• Expand broadband to all local levels through NTA & MoCIT.
• Encourage PPP models for fintech growth.
• Introduce Digital Finance Curriculum in schools.
• Create NRB Digital Innovation Fund for startups.
• Ensure continuous monitoring of transaction systems.
Conclusion
• Technology Management is key to national development
and competitiveness.
• Nepal’s future depends on integrating technology with
strong policy and law.
• Through proper management, Nepal can achieve Digital
Economy Transformation.
• Effective implementation of Digital Nepal Framework,
Innovation Policy, and NRB directives will make Nepal a
regional tech hub.