Introduction

Prepared by Ibrahim(Amiry)
 Project
Aproject is defined as a
sequence of tasks that
must be completed to
attain a certain outcome.
Cont…

The term Project refers to ” to any

temporary endeavor with a
definite beginning and end”.
Depending on its complexity, it
can be managed by a single
person or hundreds.
Cont…

A project is a
sequence of tasks you
complete to obtain a
specific result.
Cont…

A project is a temporary
endeavor undertaken to
create a unique product,
service, or result.
Cont…

Any thing that has a

start and has an end
and is
Unique in Nature.
Definition of quantity survey

Itis a technique of
calculating or computing the
various quantities and the
expected expenditure to be
incurred on a particular
project.
Cont…

If the fund is not sufficient for the

project execution then …
[Link] the design.
[Link] the specification.
[Link] the project in steps.
Cont…

Never leave the

project
incomplete…
Cont…

 Thesubject of estimating is simple , nothing

much to understand , but knowledge of
drawing is essential.
 Onewho understands and can read drawing
may find out the dimensions ,lengths ,
breadths , heights , etc. from the drawing
without difficulty and may calculate the
quantities.
Cont…

The calculation mainly

consists of
lengthxbreadthxheight or
lengthxbreadth or
lengthxheight.
 Quantity surveyor or evaluator or
estimator

Aprofessional who specializes

in estimating and managing
the costs and quantities of
materials, labor, and resources
required for construction
projects..
 Importance
 Before execution of any type of project
the predicted cost should be calculated
if the estimated cost is available the
project should be started and if the
estimated cost is greater than the
available amount then the amount
should be increased or change the
design (covered area reduction).
 We may change the quality of
Cont…

 We take advantage of a project if it

completes and starts using it and if the
project remain incomplete we can not take
advantage of that amount which we used to
build the project.
 sothe project should be completed at any
cost and it is possible if the quantity
surveyor makes the accurate estimation.
 Objectives
1. It
gives the idea of the cost of the work
hence helps in detecting the feasibility of a
project.
2. It
gives the idea of time required for
completion of a project.
3. It
gives the idea of material quantity for
completion of a project.
4. It helps in inviting the tenders for a project.
Cont…

[Link] helps in control the

expenditure of a project.
[Link] helps to evaluate where
there is any benefit to execute
the project.
 Actual cost
 The
actual cost of a work is known at the
completion of the work.
 Accountof all expenditure is maintained
day-to-day during the execution of work in
the account section and at the end of the
completion of the work when the account is
completed , the actual cost is known.
Cont…

The actual cost should

not differ much from the
estimated cost worked
out at the beginning.
Data required for preparing the
estimate

[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
 Drawings
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
 Specifications
 Specificationsdescribe the nature and
the class of the work, materials to be
used in the work, workmanship etc.
and is very important for the execution
of the work. The cost of a work
depends much on the specifications.
 Necessity of specification
 The specifications define the quality of materials and
workmanship. Hence this will help the contractor to quote
correct rates for the different items of works.
 The information contained in the specifications will serve as a
guide to the contractor as well as to the supervising staff
during execution of work.
 Specifications help the owner to check and satisfy with the
works during execution.
 In case of disputes between the owner and contractor with
respect to the method of construction quality and quantity of
materials used equipment's and machineries used etc. the
specifications play the major role in solving the disputes and
arriving at a settlement.
Objectives of specifications

1. Strength of materials.
2. Ratios of ingredients of mortar.
3. Types of wood.
4. Color of materials.
5. Cost of materials.
6. Workmanship.
7. Machinery.
 Specifications

[Link] or
brief.
[Link].
 General
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] work and
material.
 Detailed
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
[Link] of working.
 Rate
Unit rate of all items.
[Link].
[Link].
[Link].
 Steps of estimates
[Link] estimate.
[Link] estimate.
[Link] estimate.
 Types of estimates

[Link].
[Link] estimate.
 Original estimate

[Link] cost
estimate.
[Link] estimate .
Approximate estimate or rough cost
estimate.

For calculating approximate

estimate of a work no
detailed knowledge is
required ,it can be done on
the basis of practical
knowledge.
Cont…

Itis done to obtain

administrative approval of
the project.
Cont…

It helps in deciding

the financial aspect
of the project.
 Approximate estimate(for
buildings)
[Link] area method.
[Link] rate method.
[Link] rate method.
[Link] bay method.
 Unit rate method

 Asper this method, the cost of structure is

obtained by multiplying the total number of
units with unit rate of each item. For schools
and colleges, the unit considered to be as
‘one student’ and for hospital, the unit is
‘one bed’. The unit rate is measured by
dividing the actual expenses done or cost of
related building in the adjacent locality by
the number of units.
 Example
 Preparerough cost/approximate
estimate of a hospital building for 60
beds.
 Cost
of construction for each bed is
$500 .
 Determine total cost of building.
 Plinth area method
A plinth area estimate is done
based on the plinth area of a
building .
It is the approximate cost estimate
in which a building’s plinth area is
multiplied by the prevailing plinth
area rate to get the building cost.
 Cubical rate method

The cost of a structure is

calculated approximately as
the total cubical
contents(volume of
buildings) multiplied by local
cubic rate.
 Typical bay method

Approximate cost of
proposed building=number
of baysxcost of one bay.
Approximate estimate for roads and
highways

 Forroads the approximate estimate is

prepared based on mile or kilometer of
the road.
 Roadestimate is prepared based on
type of the road.
 When estimating this cost ,the road
width, materials used in the road and
design of road take into consideration.
 Irrigation channels
The rough estimate for irrigation
channels is prepared in two ways.
[Link] kilometer of irrigation channel.
[Link] that irrigate the area(taking
one hectare or acre into
consideration).
 Bridges and culverts
The rough or approximate estimate
for bridges and culverts is prepared
based on one meter of bridge or
culvert.
Road width ,construction
method ,and foundation depth is
taking into consideration.
Power supply and sanitary pipeline

[Link] per head.

[Link] acre or hectare of
area which is using this
water.
 Overhead water tank
The rough cost estimate
for O.H.W is prepared
based on its capacity(one
liter of water).
 Railway track
The rough cost estimate for
railways is prepared based on one
kilometer or one mile of the track.
Gauge, Rail, and type of sleeper is
taking into consideration.
 Detailed estimate

Inthis method of estimate the

quantity of each item is to be
determined and then multiplied by
the unit rate of material.
Detailed estimate is carried out to
get technical sanction.
Detailed estimate

[Link] estimate.
[Link] estimate.
[Link] and supplementary
estimate.
 Revised estimate
Revised estimate is
prepared if the cost of the
project is deviated more
than 5% of its detailed
estimate.
 Supplementary estimate

 Supplementary estimate is prepared

when there is a need to change the
design and the new cost is not
sufficient to execute the project then
we need to prepare extra estimate
which is called supplementary
estimate.
Revised and supplementary
estimate
When there is a changing in the
design or a deviation in the cost
and the deviation is greater than
5% the new estimate is prepared
which is called revised and
supplementary estimate.
 Repair estimate

When a project completes, after

construction it needs
maintainace ,the amount that
needs for the maintenance is
calculated which is called repair
estimate.
 Types
[Link] repair estimate.
[Link] repair estimate.
[Link] repair estimate.
Exercise-1
Fill in the blanks with suitable
word/words?

[Link] to collect data about

material and cost required for
a project is called .
Cont…

 [Link] whose job is to calculate

quantities for a project is called
.
Cont…

 [Link] data for preparing an

estimate of a project is .
Cont…

[Link] of project is
presented by .
Cont…

[Link] shown in the

drawing is presented by
.
Cont…

[Link] classes of specifications

are.
a) .
b) .
Cont…

[Link] of specification that is a

part of contract is .
Cont…

[Link] cost estimate is

carried out to get .
Cont…

[Link] estimate is
carried out to get
.
Cont…

10. estimate is
prepared if the cost of project
is deviated more than 5% of its
detailed estimate.
 Q.2
What do you understand by
quantity surveying? Give its
importance in execution of
projects.
 Q.3

What types of data

is required for
estimating explain
each.
 Q.4
What are main types of
estimate .give brief
descriptions of each type.
 Q.5
Describe the method to
prepare rough cost
estimate and detailed
cost estimate.
 Q.6
Prepare rough cost estimate
and detailed cost estimate
of your residence.
 Q.7
Explain the following .
[Link] rate estimate.
[Link] estimate.
[Link] estimate.