Module 2
Work Study
• The objective is to determine the best method of performing each
operation and to eliminate wastage so that the production increases
with less fatigue.
• Two types:
• Method study
• Time study
Method Study
• defined as the systematic investigation of existing method of doing a
job in order to develop and install an easy, efficient and less fatigue
procedure for doing the same work
• Simply, it can be said as eliminating unnecessary motions involved in a
certain procedure
Procedure for Motion Study
• 1. Select and Define the work to be studied
• 2. Record about the existing methods
• 3. Critically examine each detail of the job
• 4. Develop a new method
• 5. Install the new method
• 6. Maintain the new method
Symbols in Method Study
Operation Process Chart
• Record the process in a compact manner
• Only two symbols are used - Operation and inspection
CRS - cold Rolled Steel
Real life examples
Flow Process Charts
• More detailed than Operation process charts
• It records all events
• 3 types:
• Man type
• Equipment type
• Material Type
Material
Type
Man type Flow process chart
Two - Handed
Process Charts
Therbligs
• It is a type of micro Motion study which deals with study of small
motions known as therbligs
• GILBRETH discovered these elements and named them THERBLIGS
which is reverse spelling of his name
• These elements are 18 in number
• A single operation consists of many therbligs
Therbligs
Time Study
• Is the study of the operational steps or production procedure and the
time consumed by them , for the purpose of devising methods of
increasing efficiency or productivity of workers
• Measures the time required to perform a task so that an output
standard of production for a worker or a machine could be
established
Observed Time
• using stopwatch, time taken to complete a job is measured . The
actual time measured is known as observed time.
Basic time
• The basic time represents the time taken by the operator to perform
an element if the operator was working at the standard rate.
• If the operator was working slower than the standard rate,
basic time < observed time
• If the operator was working faster than the standard rate,
basic time > observed time
• Therefore,
Observed time x rating factor = Basic time
Allowances
• Many jobs require spending of human effort , and some allowances
must be made therefore for recovery from fatigue and for relaxation
• Allowances must be made to allow a worker to attend his personal
needs
Allowances
• Relaxation Allowances are intended to assist recovery from fatigue
• Relaxation allowances are the only essential part of the time added
to the basic time
• Other allowances, such as contingency, policy and special allowances
are applied under certain conditions only
Apply Allowances
• A PDF ( personal time , fatigue and delays ) allowances is added to the
basic time to compute the standard time
• Standard time = Basic Time( 1 + Allowances)
• The function of the allowance time is to inflate the value of standard
time in order to account for the various reasons why the worker loses
time during the shift
Assignment
• Determine the
a. Basic Time
b. Standard time for the cycle, using allowance factor of 15%
The observed time is to be determined using your corresponding
register number. Draw table using the performance rating as 100%,
90%, 80% , 70% and 100%.