Plant and Animal
Organ Systems
and their
Functions
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1. Identify the types of animal and plant
reproduction,
2. compare animal and plant reproduction and,
3. value the importance of animal and plant
reproduction.
REPRODUCTION
is the biological process by which new
individual organisms – "offspring" – are
produced from their "parent" or
parents.
Reproduction is a fundamental feature
of all known life; each individual
organism exists as the result of
reproduction.
Sexual reproduction
– Joining of an egg and sperm
Asexual reproduction
– A single organism replicating its
genetic material to split into two
identical organisms.
TYPES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles
its DNA, then divides into two cells.
Budding: Small growth on the surface of
the parent breaks off, resulting in the
formation of two individuals.
Ex. yeast, hydras, Jellyfish
Fragmentation: Organisms break into
two or more fragments that develop
into a new individual.
Ex. coral, sponges, and starfish).
Parthenogenesis: An embryo
develops from an unfertilized cell. It is
a method in which a new individual
developed without fertilization.
ex. ants, wasps, and bees
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS
HOW DO PLANTS
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY?
Through the process of fertilization-
when male and female gametes
combine to produce offspring.
Flowering plants reproduce sexually
through a process called pollination.
Asexual Reproduction
only requires DNA from one parent.
It creates offspring that are genetically
identical to the parent (clones).
Clones lack genetic diversity.
This makes them more susceptible to
disease. It also makes them less
adaptable to changes in the
environment.
Vegitative Reproduction
A form of asexual reproduction where
a new plant grows from parts of an
existing plant.
Fast reproduction
Examples:
– Strawberry runners
– Potato eyes and buds
– Corms
– Bulbs
TYPES OF VEGITATIVE
REPRODUCTION
Runners- stolon/stem grows horizontally above the
ground. The buds are formed at the nodes of
runners. Ex. Strawberry, Bermuda grass
tubers- These underground growths produce new
plants from stems or growing points called eyes.
Ex. Potato, sweet potato
bulbs- are shortened underground storage
structures. They are stems that are enclosed with
fleshy, concentric layered leaves. Ex. Garlic, onion,
rhizomes- These stems grow sideways along with
the soil or just below the surface. They branch apart
to produce new points of growth. Ex. Ginger plants.
Corms – a swollen, underground plant
stem that serves as a storage organ
for food, allowing plants to survive
harsh conditions like winter or drought.
Artificial propagation
Sexual Reproduction
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
Testes – male reproductive organ.
Seminiferous tubules – produce
sperm (spermatogenesis)
Regulated by hormones
(GnRH, FSH, LH)
Ovaries – reproductive organ of
female.
Oogenesis – formation of egg cell
occurs or the development of ovarian
follicles.
- Secretion of estrogen and
progesterone.
- Fallopian tubes (oviducts)
- Area where fertilization occurs.
Uterus (womb)
- Endometrium and myometrium
STRUCTURE OF A
FLOWER
Modifications in Flowers
Complete flowers – have all four
organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and
pistils)
– Morning glory and tiger lily
Incomplete flowers – lacks one or
more of the four organs
– Squash and corn
Tiger Lily – a complete flower
Incomplete Flowers
Female Squash Flower Male Squash Flower
Modifications in Flowers
Perfect flowers- Have both stamens
and pistils (E x: Lily)
Imperfect flowers- Either have a
functioning stamen or pistil, but not
both
E x : Cucumber, Squash
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
ANIMAL
Sexual reproduction is the
production of a new organism from two
parents by making use of their sex
cells or gametes.
Humans, fish, frogs, cats, and dogs, all
reproduce by the method of sexual
reproduction.
How does fertilization
take place?
When a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell
in the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place,
zygote is formed.
From there, the zygote will move down the fallopian
tube into the uterus.
The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining. The
stage of development between the zygote or
fertilized egg and the newly formed baby is called
embryo.
Internal and External
Reproduction
THANK YOU!