Introduction to Computer,
Number System
Course Code: CSC 1101 Course Title: Introduction to Computer Studies
Lecturer No: 02 Week No: 02 Semester: Summer 23-
24
Faculty Anik Kumar Saha ([Link]@[Link])
Lecture Outline
List of topics,
Introduction to Computer
IT Essentials-Chapter 1
Number System
Course Adding/Dropping procedure
Specific Objectives
Will have a discussion on,
What is a Computer?
How does Computer work?
Familiarization with basic Input and Output Devices
What is number system
Conversion between various number system(any base
to any other base)
Significance of Number system in computing
Discussion about the procedure of course adding and
dropping
Introduction to Computer
What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory that can
accept or receive data as input
produce information as output[process the data according to
specified rules]
store the information for further use and
retrieve data whenever desired
Introduction to Computer
How computer does work?
Let’s consider this simple architecture to understand how computer works,
How computer does work?
Computer works by combining input, storage, processing, and
output. All the main parts of a computer system are involved in one
of these four processes.
Input
Any information or data sent to a computer for processing is
considered as input.
Memory/storage:
Storage is a process through which digital data is saved within a data
storage device by means of computing technology either
temporarily or permanently
How computer does work?
Processing:
Known as the central processing unit(CPU) and brain of the
computer. It is responsible for all functions and processes and most
important element of a computer system. Main Parts of CPU are,
Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
Control Unit(CU)
Output:
Anything that comes out of a computer considered as output. it can
be meaningful information and may appear in a variety of forms –
binary numbers
Characters
Pictures
printed pages
I/O Devices
Input Device
Input device is a piece of computer hardware equipment to provide
data and control signals to an information processing system such as a
computer or other information appliance. Some of most common
input devices are-
Keyboard
Mouse (pointing device)
Microphone
Touch screen
Scanner
Webcam, etc.
I/O Devices
Output Device
An output device is a piece of computer hardware equipment used to-
communicate the results of data processing
converts the electronically generated information into human
readable form.
Some of common output devices are-
Monitor
Speaker
Printer
Projector
IT Essentials
Chapter-1
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personal Computer
Hardware
We will find more details description in the CISCO modules which
are available on CISCO account.
Number System
What is number system?
Number System is a technique which defines how to represent a
number in the computer system architecture.
Defines how same number can be represented differently in different
number system using distinct symbols.
Number System
Types of number system?
Two types number system we have
Non-positional number systems
Positional number systems
Types of Number System
Non-positional number systems
Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4, IIIII for 5, etc.
The symbols are simply added to find out the value of a particular
number
It is difficult to perform arithmetic operations with such a number
system [+, -, *, /].
Types of Number System
Positional number systems
Use only a few symbols called digits
The value of each digit is represented by:
1. The digit itself
2. The position of the digit in the number
3. The base of the number system
The maximum value of a single digit is always equal to one less than
the value of the base
Types of Number System
Positional number systems
Some examples of Positional Number System,
Binary number system
Octal number system
Decimal number system
Hexadecimal (hex) number system
Positional Number System
Decimal number systems
A positional number system
Has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9). Hence, its
base = 10
The maximum value of a single digit is 9 (one less than the
value of the base)
Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the base
(10)
We use this number system in our day-to-day life
Positional Number System
Binary number systems
A positional number system
Has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence its base = 2
The maximum value of a single digit is 1 (one less than the
value of the base)
Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the
base (2)
This number system is used in computers
Positional Number System
Octal number systems
A positional number system
Has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).Hence, its
base = 8
The maximum value of a single digit is 7 (one less than the
value of the base
Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the
base (8)
Positional Number System
Hexadecimal number systems
A positional number system
Has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, F). Hence its base = 16
The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent the decimal values
10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively
The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (one less than the
value of the base)
Number System
Conversion
Decimal to Binary
Binary to Decimal
Octal to Binary
Binary to Octal
Hexadecimal to Binary
Binary to Hexadecimal
Converting a number of any base to a number of another other
bases
Number System
Significance of Number System in Computing
In order to understand the language used by computers and
other digital system it is crucial to have a better understanding
of number system.
Book
Computer Fundamentals by Pradeep K. Sinha & Priti Sinha