June 2024

Basic I/O in Java

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CONTENT

I/O Streams
Scanning and Formatting
File I/O (NIO.2)
Legacy File I/O
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I/O Streams
Definition:
• Mechanism to read and write data
Types:
• Byte Streams
• Character Streams
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Byte Streams
Description:
• Handles I/O of raw binary data
Classes:
• InputStream
• OutputStream
Example:
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("[Link]");
FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("[Link]");
int c;
while ((c = [Link]()) != -1) {
[Link](c);
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
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Character Streams
Description:
• Handles I/O of character data
Classes:
• Reader
• Writer
Example:
FileReader in = new FileReader("[Link]");
FileWriter out = new FileWriter("[Link]");
int c;
while ((c = [Link]()) != -1) {
[Link](c);
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
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Buffered Streams
Description:
• Enhances performance by buffering I/O operations
Classes:
• BufferedReader
• BufferedWriter
Example:
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("[Link]"));
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("[Link]"));
String line;
while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {
[Link](line);
[Link]();
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
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Scanning
Description:
• Parses primitive types and strings using regular
expressions
Classes:
• Scanner
Example:
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("[Link]"));
while ([Link]()) {
[Link]([Link]());
}
[Link]();
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Formatting
Description:
• Formats data into human-readable form
Classes:
• Formatter
Example:
Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
[Link]("PI = %.2f", [Link]);
[Link](formatter);
[Link]();
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I/O from the Command Line

Description:
• Reading input and writing output using standard I/O
streams
Classes:
• Formatter
Example:
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader([Link]));
[Link]("Enter your name: ");
String name = [Link]();
[Link]("Hello, " + name);
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Data Streams
Description:
• Reads and writes primitive data types
Classes:
• DataInputStream
• DataOutputStream
Example:
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new
FileOutputStream("[Link]"));
[Link](123);
[Link](456.78);
[Link]();

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("[Link]"));

int intValue = [Link]();
double doubleValue = [Link]();
[Link]();
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Object Streams
Description:
• Reads and writes objects
Classes:
• ObjectInputStream
• ObjectOutputStream
Example:
ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(new
FileOutputStream("[Link]"));
[Link](new Date());
[Link]();

ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new

FileInputStream("[Link]"));
Date date = (Date) [Link]();
[Link]();
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File I/O (Featuring NIO.2)

• Introduction to NIO.2
• Key Features:
⚬ Path Class
⚬ File Operations
⚬ Metadata Management
⚬ Directory and File Tree
Operations
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What Is a Path?
Description:
• Represents a location in the file
system
Class:
• [Link]
Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link]([Link]());
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The Path Class

The Path Class:
• Represents a location in the file system

Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link]("Root: " + [Link]());
[Link]("Parent: " + [Link]());
[Link]("Name Count: " +
[Link]());
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Path Operations
Common Operations:
• resolve()
• relativize()
• normalize()

Example:
Path path1 = [Link]("dir1/dir2"); // path1 represents the directory
"dir1/dir2"
Path path2 = [Link]("dir3/[Link]"); // path2 represents the file
"dir3/[Link]"
Path resolvedPath = [Link](path2); // Resolving path2 against
path1
[Link](resolvedPath); // Output the resolved path:
dir1/dir2/dir3/[Link]
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File Operations
Common Operations:
• Checking a File or Directory
boolean fileExists = new File("path/to/[Link]").exists();

• Deleting a File or Directory

boolean deleted = new File("path/to/[Link]").delete();

• Copying a File or Directory

[Link]([Link]("sourcePath/[Link]"), [Link]("destinationPath/[Link]"),
StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);

• Moving a File or Directory

[Link]([Link]("sourcePath/[Link]"),
[Link]("destinationPath/[Link]"),StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
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Checking a File or Directory

Methods:
• [Link]()
• [Link]()

Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
if ([Link](path)) {
[Link](path + " exists");
}
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Deleting a File or Directory

Methods:
• [Link]()

Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link](path);
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Copying a File or Directory

Methods:
• [Link]()

Example:
Path source = [Link]("[Link]");
Path target = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link](source, target);
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Moving a File or Directory

Methods:
• [Link]()

Example:
Path source = [Link]("[Link]");
Path target = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link](source, target);
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Managing Metadata
Description:
• Reading and setting file attributes
Methods:
• [Link]()
• [Link]()

Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
Object size = [Link](path, "size");
[Link]("File size: " + size);
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Managing Metadata
Methods Comment

Returns the size of the specified file in bytes.

size(Path)

Returns true if the specified Path locates a file that is a directory.

isDirectory(Path, LinkOption)

Returns true if the specified Path locates a file that is a regular

isRegularFile(Path, LinkOption...) file.

Returns true if the specified Path locates a file that is a symbolic

isSymbolicLink(Path) link.

Returns true if the specified Path locates a file that is considered

isHidden(Path) hidden by the file system.

getLastModifiedTime(Path, LinkOption...) Returns or sets the specified file's last modified time.
setLastModifiedTime(Path, FileTime)

getOwner(Path, LinkOption...) Returns or sets the owner of the file.

setOwner(Path, UserPrincipal)
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Reading, Writing, and Creating

Methods: Files
• [Link]()
• [Link]()
• [Link]()

Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link](path, "Hello, World!".getBytes());
byte[] bytes = [Link](path);
[Link](new String(bytes));
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Random Access Files

Description:
• Reads and writes to any position in a file
Class:
• RandomAccessFile

Example:
RandomAccessFile file = new RandomAccessFile("[Link]",
"rw");
[Link](100);
[Link]("Hello, World!");
[Link]();
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Creating and Reading Directories

Methods:
• [Link]()
• [Link]()

Example:
Path dir = [Link]("newdir");
[Link](dir);
DirectoryStream<Path> stream =
[Link](dir);
for (Path path : stream) {
[Link]([Link]());
}
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Links, Symbolic or Otherwise

Description:
• Creating and handling symbolic links
Methods:
• [Link]()
• [Link]()

Example:
Path link = [Link]("link");
Path target = [Link]("[Link]");
[Link](link, target);
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Walking the File Tree

Description:
• Recursively visit files and directories
Class:
• FileVisitor
Example:
Path start = [Link]("startdir");
[Link](start, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
[Link](file);
return [Link];
}
});
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Finding Files
Description:
• Locating files using search criteria
Methods:
• [Link]()
Example:
Path start = [Link]("startdir");
try (Stream<Path> stream = [Link](start, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
(path, attr) -> [Link](path).endsWith(".txt"))) {
[Link]([Link]::println);
}
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Watching a Directory for Changes

Description:
• Monitor changes in a directory
Classes:
• WatchService
• WatchKey
• WatchEvent
Example:
Path path = [Link]("watchdir");
WatchService watchService = [Link]().newWatchService();
[Link](watchService, StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_CREATE,
StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_DELETE,
StandardWatchEventKinds.ENTRY_MODIFY);

WatchKey key;
while ((key = [Link]()) != null) {
for (WatchEvent<?> event : [Link]()) {
[Link]("Event kind:" + [Link]() + ". File affected: " + [Link]() +
".");
}
[Link]();
}
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Other Useful Methods

Methods:
• [Link]()
• [Link]()
• [Link]()
Example:
Path path = [Link]("[Link]");
long size = [Link](path);
boolean isReadable = [Link](path);
boolean isWritable = [Link](path);
[Link]("Size: " + size + ", Readable: " + isReadable +
", Writable: " + isWritable);
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Legacy File I/O Code

Introduction to Legacy I/O Classes:
• File
• FileInputStream
• FileOutputStream
• RandomAccessFile
Example: File Class
File file = new File("[Link]");
if ([Link]()) {
[Link]("File exists: " + [Link]());
} else {
[Link]();
[Link]("File created: " + [Link]());
}
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Legacy File I/O Code - Reading and

Writing
Example: Reading from a File using
FileInputStream
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("[Link]");
int c;
while ((c = [Link]()) != -1) {
[Link]((char) c);
}
Example: Writing to a File using
[Link]();

FileOutputStream
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("[Link]");
String data = "Hello, World!";
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
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Legacy File I/O Code - Random Access

Example: Random Access File
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile("[Link]",
"rw");
[Link]("Hello, World!");
[Link](0);
[Link]([Link]());
[Link]();
 June 2024

thank you