Fundamental Of Computer

You are Leader of Today

Computer Components
Chapter4
Objectives Overview

Identify characteristics of
Describe the various Describe multi-core
various personal computer
computer and mobile processors, the components
processors on the market
device cases and the of a processor, and the four
today, and describe the
contents they protect steps in a machine cycle
ways processors are cooled

Explain how program and

Define a bit, and describe
Explain the advantages and application instructions
how a series of bits
services of cloud computing transfer in and out of
represents data
memory

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Objectives Overview

Describe the
Differentiate
purpose of Explain the
among the various
adapter cards and function of a bus
types of memory
USB adapters

Explain the Describe how to

purpose of a care for computers
power supply and and mobile
batteries devices

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Inside the Case

• The case contains and protects the electronics of the

computer or mobile device from damage

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Inside the Case

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Inside the Case

• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the

computer
– A computer chip contains integrated circuits

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Processors

• The processor, also called the central processing

unit (CPU), interprets and carries out the basic
instructions that operate a computer
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or
more separate processor cores
• Processors contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic
unit (ALU)

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Processors

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Processors

• The control unit is the component of the

processor that directs and coordinates most of
the operations in the computer
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs
arithmetic, comparison, and other operations

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Processors

• For every instruction, a processor repeats a set of

four basic operations, which comprise a machine
cycle

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Processors

The processor contains registers, that

temporarily hold data and instructions

The system clock controls the timing of

all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the clock
speed, and is usually measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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Processors

• The leading
manufacturers of
personal computer
processor chips are Intel
and AMD

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Cloud Computing

• Home and business users choose cloud computing

for a variety of reasons

Accessibility Cost savings

Space
Scalability
savings
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Data Representation

Analog signals are continuous and vary in

strength and quality

Digital signals are in one of two states: on

or off
• Most computers are digital
• The binary system uses two unique digits (0 and 1)
• Bits and bytes
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Data Representation
The circuitry in a computer or mobile Eight bits grouped together as a
device represents the on or the off unit are called a byte. A byte
states electronically by the presence represents a single character in the
or absence of an electronic charge computer or mobile device

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Data Representation

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Memory

• Each location in memory has an address

• Memory size commonly is measured in gigabytes
(GB) or terabytes (TB)

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Memory

• Computers and mobile devices contain two types of

memory:

Volatile memory Nonvolatile memory

Loses its contents when Does not lose contents
power is turned off when power is removed

Examples include ROM,

Example includes RAM
flash memory, and HDD

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Memory

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Memory

• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module

and are inserted into memory slots

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Memory

Read-only memory (ROM)

refers to memory chips
storing permanent data and
instructions

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Memory

• Flash memory can be erased electronically and

rewritten
– CMOS technology uses battery power to retain
information when when the power to the computer is
off

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Adapters
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of
a desktop or server system
unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals
– Sound card and video card
• An expansion slot is a
socket on a desktop or
server motherboard that
can hold an adapter card

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Adapters

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Adapters

• A USB adapter enhances functions of a mobile

computer and/or provides connections to
peripheral devices

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Buses

• A bus allows the various

devices both inside and
attached to the system
unit to communicate
with one another
– Data bus
– Address bus

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Power Supply and Batteries

• The power supply or laptop AC adapter converts

the wall outlet AC power into DC power

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Power Supply and Battery

• Mobile computers and devices can run using

either a power supply or batteries
• Batteries typically are rechargeable lithium-ion
batteries

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Summary

Types of processors,
Various components Advantages and
steps in a machine
inside computers services of cloud
cycle, and processor
and mobile devices computing
cooling methods

How memory stores

Adapters, buses, Ways to care for
data and described
power supplies and computers and
various types of
batteries mobile devices
memory

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