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Understanding the Nervous System Basics

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
14 views64 pages

Understanding the Nervous System Basics

Uploaded by

Jovielyn Macabio
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GAME KANA BA?

Aside from chips, scores are also recorded

Game na Game na!


1. What body system is
responsible for handling
electrical impulses and
act as a chief processing
system?
REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Nervous System
2. Receive and transmit
electric signals

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Nerve cell/Neuron
3. Part of a nerve cell
where it receives stimulus

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Dendrites
4. Part of neuron where it
sends the signal to the
other neuron

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Axon terminal
5. Type of neuron that
send stimulus from body
to brain

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Sensory Neuron
6. Division of nervous
system that comprises of
brain and the spinal cord

REVEAL
THE
CNS/ Central
ANSWER
Nervous System
7. network of nerves that
runs throughout the
head, neck, and body

REVEAL
THE
PNS/ Peripheral
ANSWER
Nervous System
8. Hemisphere of a brain
that controls creativity
and artistic skills

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Right
Hemisphere
9. Lobe of the brain
responsible for eyesight

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Occipital Lobe
10. Part of a brain that
controls ability to read,
write and speak

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Cerebrum
11. A portion of a brain
stem responsible for
involuntary movements
such as breathing and
heartbeat
REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Medulla
Oblongata
12. Part of a nervous
system responsible for
processing and
interpreting signals
transmitted to it
REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Brain
13. Division of PNS that
controls voluntary
movements

REVEAL
THE
SNS/ Somatic
ANSWER

Nervous System
14. Division of Autonomic
NS that act as a fight or
flight response

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Sympathetic NS
15. Connects nerve cells
into one another

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Neuroglia/ glial
cells
16. Decrease in brain size
resulting to memory loss
and intellectual deficiency

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Alzheimer’s
disease
17. Involuntary muscle
contraction (Disorder)

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Epilepsy
18. A cause of an impulse

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER stimulus
19. A fat/lipid that
protects axon and speeds
up the relay of signal

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Myelin sheath
20. A part of a brain that
controls emotion and
contains GnRH

REVEAL
THE
ANSWER Hypothalamus
THE
NERVOU
S
SYSTEM
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

 Transmits information
rapidly by nerve impulses

 Serves as the chief


coordinating system
Two of Cells Found in Nervous
System

1. Neurons (nerve cells)


 receive and transmit
nerve impulses

2. Neuroglia
 supporting cells that
offer mechanical and
structural support to
neurons
Neuron
s
Parts of Neurons

 Neuron cell body

 One or more branching


projection

 axon
Neuron
s
Parts of Neurons

 Neuron cell body

 One or more branching


projection

 axon
Classifications of
Neurons

1. Sensory Neurons
2. Motor Neurons
3. Interneurons
Neuron
s
Parts of Neurons

 Neuron cell body

 One or more branching


projection

 axon
Neuroglia

 From Greek word “glia” meaning glue.

 Provides support for neurons


The Nerve Impulse

 Sudden electrical
change

 Known as action
potential
The Synapse

 Greek word syn and  How Synapse Works?


haptein means Let’s watch a video
“together”, “to
clasp”
 How addiction works
 Points of junction for in our brain?
the transmission of
nerve impulses
The Reflex Arc

 the pathway that a


reflex takes in the
body

Parts of Reflex Arc


 Receptor
 Sensory neuron
 Central neuron
 Motor neuron
 Effector
Divisions of the Nervous
System

1. Central Nervous System


 centrally located
-brain and spinal cord
-protected by
meninges

2. Peripheral Nervous
System
 network of nerves that
runs throughout the
head, neck, and body
Central Nervous
System

Meningeal Layers
 Dura mater
 Pia mater
 Arachnoid mater
Central Nervous
System
Brain
Divisions
I. Brain stem
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
II. Cerebellum
Ill. Diencephalon
[Link]
E. Thalamus
IV. Cerebrum
Neuron
s
Parts of Neurons

 Neuron cell body

 One or more branching


projection

 axon
Neuron
s
Parts of Neurons

 Neuron cell body

 One or more branching


projection

 axon
Central Nervous
System
Spinal Cord
 A cylindrical
structure
that runs
through the
center of
your spine,
from your
brainstem to
your low
Peripheral Nervous
System

 A nerves connecting the brain and the


spinal cord to other parts of the body
-cranial and spinal nerves

 consists of the nerves that branch out from


the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous
System

Nerves
 cables that carry
electrical
impulses
Peripheral Nervous
System
Cranial Nerves
 nerves that are attached to the brain
-12 pairs
• Special sensory impulses
• General sensory impulses
• Somatic motor impulses
• Viscera motor impulses
Peripheral Nervous
System
Peripheral Nervous
System
Spinal Nerves
 arise from
spinal cord
-31 pairs
 Attached by
two roots:
dorsal and
ventral roots
Peripheral Nervous
System
Branches of Spinal
Nerves

 Smaller posterior
(dorsal ramus)
 Large anterior (ventral
ramus)
 Both contains
autonomic fibers
Peripheral Nervous
System
Branches of Spinal
Nerves
 Large anterior
branches called
plexuses:
• cervical plexus
• Brachial plexus
• Lumbosacral
plexus
Peripheral Nervous
System

Autonomic Nervous System

 a component of the peripheral nervous


system that regulates involuntary
physiologic processes
Peripheral Nervous
System
Autonomic Nervous System

 a component of the peripheral nervous


system that regulates involuntary
physiologic processes
 The ANS itself is comprised of
sympathetic and parasympathetic
divisions.
Peripheral Nervous
System
Two Divisions of Autonomic Nervous
System

 Sympathetic Pathways
- controls “fight-or-flight” responses

 Parasympathetic Pathways
- regulates “rest and digest” functions
Sense Organs

Skin, eyes, ears, nose,


or tongue
 General senses include
touch, pain,
temperature,
proprioception,
vibration, and
pressure. Special
senses include vision,
hearing, taste, and
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

 Sense organs detect or sense


 Stimulus into nerve impulse
 Nerve impulse is received as sensation
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Eye
 Visual Pathway
• Light is the
stimulus that
results in vision
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Ear
 ear functions as
hearing, and balance
 Mechanoreceptors
activates hearing
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Ear
1. External Ear- the
visible part of the
hearing apparatus
-pinna and external
auditory canal
-gathers sounds
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Ear
2. Middle Ear
- malleus(hammer),
incus(anvil),
stapes(stirrup)

-amplify and carry the


sound waves to the inner
ear
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Ear
2. Inner Ear- contains
the hearing and balance
apparatus

-transform the vibrations


into electrical impulses
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Taste Receptors


 chemical receptors
that generate nervous
impulses resulting in
the sense of taste are
called taste buds
 Gustatory cells
Converting stimulus
into Sensation

The Smell Receptors


 chemical receptors
located in nasal
cavity
 Olfactory receptor,
relays to the brain
Disorder/Disease on Nervous
System

Alzeimer Autoimmune
Meningit ’s Disorders
is Disease
-autoimmune
encephalitis
-optic
neuritis
-CNS
vascullitis
THANK
YOU!

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