SSB AM Modulation
SSB AM Modulation
• We've improved from DSB-FC (AM) by suppressing the carrier, saving
power. However, DSB-SC still transmits both the Upper Sideband
(USB) and Lower Sideband (LSB).
• The USB and LSB contain identical information, so transmitting both
sidebands is redundant.
• If we can transmit just one sideband, we halve the required
bandwidth to just B Hz. This leads to Single-Sideband Suppressed
Carrier (SSB-SC), commonly just called SSB.
SSB AM Modulation
• Single Sideband (SSB) modulation eliminates one of the sidebands
(either LSB or USB) and usually suppresses the carrier.
• Advantages of SSB
[Link] efficiency: requires only half the bandwidth of conventional AM.
[Link] efficiency: no carrier, and only one sideband transmitted.
[Link] noise susceptibility.
[Link] long-distance communication performance (e.g., HF radio, telephony,
and marine communication).
Generation of SSB
SSB can be obtained from DSB be passing only one side band
and filtering out the other side band
Generation of SSB
• The Basic Filter Method is the most straightforward method
for generating SSB signals. Note that the multiplier can be
implemented using a balanced modulator
• The multiplier produces a DSB-SC signal that subsequently
passes through a highly selective bandpass filter. The filter
selects one sideband—either upper or lower—while
rejecting the other.
Basic Filter Method
Basic Filter Method
• The filter should ideally cut off abruptly at the carrier frequency (fc).
However, real-world filters can’t achieve sharp cut
• A practical filter may therefore suppress some of the desired sideband
or allow some of the undesired sideband to pass through to the
output.
• Many practical signals—including speech—exhibit minimal energy
near zero frequency. The result is a gap in the DSB signal spectrum
around the carrier frequency, where the bandpass filter's transition
band is located.
Basic Filter Method
Basic Filter Method
Phase Shift Method
The Phase shift method
In this method, the upper or lower side band is obtained by using the
following trigonometric identity
Using the previous Equation to produce just the sum or difference
term requires us to generate sin(⍵mt) from the message
signal, m(t) = cos(⍵mt).
A cosine wave is a sine wave shifted by 90 degrees. A cosine
wave leads the sine wave by 90 degrees, whereas a sine wave
lags a cosine wave by 90 degrees. In mathematical terms, we
have:
Phase Shift Method
• This method therefore requires phase-shift networks that provide a
precise phase shift of –90 degrees. This method does not need sharp
filters
Phase Shift Method
• The 90 degrees phase shift of single tone cosine message signal m(t)
is the sine wave signal, but if m(t) is not single tone signal, Hilbert
transform is used to 90 degrees phase shift it.
Phase Shift Method
Phase Shift Method
• The Hilbert transform alters the phase of positive and negative
frequency components differently, the Hilbert transform of a cosine
function results in a sine wave.
Phase Shift Method
Phase Shift Method
• the Hilbert transform takes the place of the first –90 degree phase
shifter. Its input and output are in quadrature, meaning that they’re
90 degrees out of phase with respect to each other.
• The circuit employs two multipliers. The carrier wave and the
message signal are applied to one path. On the other path, the carrier
and message signals are shifted in phase by 90 degrees before they’re
applied. When the outputs of the two paths are combined, the phase-
shifting action cancels out one of the sidebands.
Phase Shift Method
• Advantages:
• Avoids the need for sharp bandpass filters.
• Can generate SSB at any carrier frequency directly.
• Disadvantages:
• Requires a Hilbert transformer that provides a precise -90°
phase shift over the entire baseband spectrum (e.g., 300 Hz
to 3.4 kHz for voice). This is difficult to achieve perfectly in
practice.
Weaver Method
• The filter method is the most straightforward form of SSB
modulation. However, it requires bandpass filters with
extremely sharp transition regions.
• The phasing method eliminates the requirement of filters
with sharp cut off. The phase-shift networks used in this
method must generate signals that are precisely 90 degrees
out of phase with each other which is not easy to realize.
Weaver Method
• In 1956, Donald K. Weaver introduced a new method called Weaver
method which does not need for either sharp bandpass filters or
precise phase shifters. The Weaver modulator uses four multipliers
and two lowpass filters.
Weaver Method
• Figure below shows the Weaver circuit when a single-
frequency message, m(t) = cos(ωmt) is used.
Weaver Method
• Using a basic trigonometric identity, we obtain the
output of the upper first stage multiplier:
The output of the lower first stage multiplier is obtained as follows:
Weaver Method
• The output signal of the modulator is obtained by adding or
subtracting the outputs of the second stage of multipliers as follows:
The above equation can be simplified using the following the
following trigonometric identity:
Weaver Method
• The spectrum of this signal consists of two impulses at ±(fc + fm).
These correspond to the upper-sideband components as in the Figure
below.
•
Weaver Method
Weaver Method
Weaver Method
Weaver Method
Demodulation of SSB
• Coherent Detection of SSB
• The product modulator is a type of coherent SSB demodulator. To
recover the modulating signal from the SSB-SC signal, we require a
phase coherent or synchronous demodulator. The received SSB signal
is first multiplied with a locally generated carrier signal. The locally
generated carrier should have exactly the same frequency as that of
the suppressed carrier. The product modulator multiplies the two
signals at its input and the product signal is passed through a low pass
filter with a bandwidth equal to fm. At the output of the filter, we get
the modulating signal back.
Demodulation of SSB
The message signal can be extracted from SSBSC wave by
multiplying it with a carrier, having the same frequency and the
phase of the carrier used in SSBSC modulation. The resulting signal
is then passed through a Low Pass Filter. The output of this filter is
the desired message signal.
Demodulation of SSB
Demodulation of SSB
Demodulation of SSB
• The first term is the scaled version of the message
signal. It can be extracted by passing the above signal
through a low pass filter.
• Therefore, the output of low pass filter is
Demodulation of SSB
Demodulation of SSB
Demodulation of SSB
Example